Germination anaerobic conditions

Anaerobic conditions and restricted plant growth can also develop when oil on the surface weathers and forms an impermeable crust that again reduces the air exchange. Recovery is affected by the amount of oil spilled on a given area. Lightly oiled soil recovers much faster than a heavier oiled area as the soil is not completely saturated and both air and water can still penetrate. Residual oil in the soil can also slow recovery by inhibiting seed germination. 

Benzoic acid has long been considered to be formed by benzaldehyde oxidation in the presence of oxygen, but was not bebeved to form under anaerobic conditions [95]. Here, when the reaction was performed under anaerobic conditions, benzoic acid was not detected in the effluent by gas chromatography (GC) analysis, but in situ ATR-IR spectra clearly showed its presence as an adsorbed benzoate species, indicated by bands at 1600, 1546,1422, and 1393 cm [94]. The fact that benzoate species are detected on the catalyst surface, but not in the effluent, suggests that these species are very strongly bound possibly at basic sites on the AljOj support The formation of benzoic acid/benzoate under anaerobic conditions was speculated to result from hydration of benzaldehyde via a germinal diol, followed by a dehydrogenation. This pathway is summarized as follows ... 

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