Germanium, solvent extraction

Harbuck, D. D. Judd, J. C. Behunin, D. V. Germanium solvent extraction from sulfuric acid solutions (and co-extraction of germanium and gallium). Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. 1991, 9, 383-401. 

Chen, S. Li, X. Huang, H. Winning germanium from zinc sulfate solution by solvent extraction. Hydrometallurgy, Proceedings of the International Conference, 3rd, Kunming, China, Nov. 3-5, 1998, 509-512. 

Samples were purified before activation using the solvent extraction procedure of Hahn et al. (22) with thenoyltrifluoroacetone as the ligand. An activation routine was developed to avoid subsequent contamination with aluminum, to allow the excape of Ar, to monitor flux variations, and to facilitate spectrum stripping of residues of manganese, aluminum, and sodltun (15). The advent of high efficiency germanium detectors has significantly reduced the... 

It has been shown that the solvent extraction and the distillation of GeCfr give equally good results. Extraction is more rapid, and stripping yields germanium in aqueous solution, whereas the distillation yields germanium in moderately concentrated acid (6 M HCl). Ge can also be separated (as GeBr4) by distillation from a NaBr-phosphoric acid medium [12]. 

Cote,G. and D.Bauer. "Kinetic aspects of the liquid-liquid extraction of germanium (IV) with the 3-dodecenyl 8-hydroxyquinoline." (Proceedings of Int. Solvent Extraction Conf., ISEC 80, Belgium, 1980). 

Elemental compositions Ge 33.86%, Cl 66.14%. The compound may be digested with nitric acid, diluted with water, and the diluted acid extract may be analyzed for germanium by AA and ICP spectrophotometry (See Germanium). The compound may be dissolved in a suitable organic solvent and analyzed by GC/MS. It may be identified from its molecular ions 212 and 220. 

Paik, N. H., M. K. Park, S. H. Choi, D. C. Moon, and T. L. Kang. Studies of germanium in herbal drugs. II. Extracting effect of germanium of different solvents in Zingiberis rhizoma. Seoul Taehakkyo YakhakNonmunjip 1980 5 75-79. 

Arsenic(in) chloride can be extracted into CCI4, CHCI3, or C6H6 from 8-12 M HCl [1,2]. GeCU is co-extracted with AsCb other elements (e.g. Se, Sb, Bi) have very low distribution coefficients. Arsenic and germanium may be separated from each other by extraction after oxidation of the former to As(V). As(III) is stripped from the organic solvent with dilute HCl, water, or dilute ammonia solution. As(ni) can also be extracted as AsBrs [3], or Ast [4-6]. 

In addition to phenylfluorone, a number of other 2,3,7-trihydroxy-6-fluorones have been recommended for determination of germanium. Disulphophenylfluorone (e = 9.0-10" ) reacts under the conditions similar to those of fluorone [29]. Some trihydroxyfluorones react with Ge in the presence of antipyrine and bromide (also f, SCN, and CIO4) to form compounds extractable with CHCI3 or similar solvents [30]. The sensitivity of determining Ge with various fluorones increases in the presence of cationic surfactants. The following systems have been recommended salicylfluorone with CP (e = 1.2-10 at 530 nm) [31], tetrabromo-salicylfluorone with CP (e = 1.3 10 at 520 nm) [32], and o-chlorophenylfluorone with CTA (e = 1.8-10 at 516 nm [33]). A non-ionic surfactant Triton X-305 has been used in the case of disulphophenylfluorone [34]. 

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