Geometry lanthanide-induced shift reagents

Optically active lanthanide shift reagents such as tris-(3-trifluoromethyl-hydroxymethylene-( + )-camphorato) europium (4) are commercially available. They can be used for the direct determination of optical purity and for the measurement of enantiomeric composition. The differences in the lanthanide-induced shift between enantiomers can be as high as 1.8 p.p.m. depending on the geometry of the molecule. 

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