Geometrical isomerism INDEX

The van Arkel Rule (i.e., dipole rule) describes the relationship between physical properties and the dipole moment of geometrically isomeric olefins, i.e., the isomer of higher dipole moment has the higher boiling point, refractive index, and density. ... 

However, when molecular descriptors are derived from molecular graphs, cis/trans isomerism is not usually recognized and some molecular descriptors were proposed in order to discriminate between cis/trans isomers, such as the - corrected electron charge density connectivity index, and - periphery codes. - Weighted matrices were also devised for obtaining the -> geometric modification number that is added to any topological index in order to discriminate cis/trans isomers. 

The polymer name may consist of as many as four parts (1) the primary source material, under which the polymer is indexed (2) the functional type, that is, the type of functionality incorporated into the backbone (3) the co-reagent and (4) the structure designation. The structure designation is necessary because more than one mode of polymer formation may be possible from the same source materials. Structural isomers, geometrical isomers, and stereoisomers must be differentiated, as well as structures which are not isomeric. The different polymer structures which may be formed in the polymerizations of conjugated dienes are designated as shown in the case of 1,3-butadiene ... 

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