Geological properties, reducibility

I find these remarks pretty puzzling. Note that the only kind of reduction that will serve to eliminate causal competition is one that leaves no ontological residue. No interlevel or interorder relation that preserves the numerical distinctness of the properties involved will do any good. But what that means is that the needed kind of reduction cannot preserve the autonomy of the properties it reduces ergo, it cannot preserve the autonomy of biological or geological properties. 

The material properties are given in Table 1. Except for permeability, the properties of the high-permeability zones (Lamprophyres) and the surrounding rock are the same. The mechanical rock-mass properties are obtained from the geological description of the GTS (Keussen et al., 1989). Significantly, the Young s modulus of the rock mass was reduced to 70% of its value for intact rock. 

The implication is that there really is no contrast between the higher-order properties of geology and biology, on the one hand, and the higher-order properties of psychology, on the other. There is only a reluctance to accept the reducibility of the mental. This is a reluctance nursed by contemporary... 

Their remarkable properties mean that the lanthanides, as trace elements, are sensitive indexes of crystal-liquid equilibria in typical geological systems, whose mineralogy is dominated by major elements such as Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na and K. Under reducing conditions, as in the terrestrial mantle or in the moon, Eu is reduced from the trivalent to the divalent state. This leads to an increase in ionic radius of... 

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