Geological elemental analysis

Raw foods were freeze-dried and analyzed for carbon isotopes using mass spectrometry. Cooked foods were prepared following historic recipes, then were freeze-dried prior to analysis. For the trace element analysis, foods (both raw and cooked) were wet ashed using nitric acid in Teflon lined pressure vessels and digested in a CEM Microwave oven. Analysis of Sr, Zn, Fe, Ca and Mg was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in the Department of Geology, University of Calgary. 

Trace Element Analysis of Geological Materials. By Roger D. Reeves and Robert R. Brooks... 

Vol. 51 Trace Element Analysis of Geological Materials. By Roger D. Reeves and Robert R. Brooks Vol. 52 Chemical Analysis by Microwave Rotational Spectroscopy. By Ravi Varma and Lawrence... 

Amosite, 1 803 3 288, 289, 292 elemental analysis, 3 293t fiber morphology, 3 294t geological occurrence, 3 29 It physical and chemical properties of, 3 300t... 

Geological and geochemical applications of PXRF generally require multi-element analysis however, the more elements that are included within an analytical test, the greater the likelihood of problems such as peak overlaps or interferences, and manufacturers typically will provide machine calibrations for 20-30 elements in a particular analytical mode (see below). Our instruments have been calibrated for a range of elements for characterization of lithological units, different mineralization types and associated hydrothermal alteration, and other geochemical exploration vectors. 

Element Analysis of Geological Samples by ICP-MS at the Geoscience Laboratories Revised Capabilities Due to Improvements to Instrumentation. In Summary of Field Work and Other Activities 2004. Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 6145, 54-1 to 54-20. 

Sample analyses were carried out by a number of laboratories. We are grateful to Mr. Mark E. Peden and Ms. Loretta M. Skowron of the Water Survey s Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Unit for atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Mr. L. R. Henderson of the Illinois State Geological Survey for X-ray Fluorescence specto-scopy, and Dr. T. A. Cahill of the University of Califomia-Davis for elemental analysis. Mr. R. G. Semonin reviewed the manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ATM-7724294, and by the Department of Energy, Division of Biomedical and Environmental Research, under Contract No. EY-76-S-02-1199. 

In spite of the excellent capability and advantages (high selectivity and sensitivity) of RIMS for the ultratrace analysis of isotopes with naturally rare abundance in environmental, geological, medical and nuclear samples, no commercial instrumentation is available to date. In contrast to AMS and RIMS as mono-elemental (element-specific) analytical techniques, ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS possess, in analogy to GDMS and SIMS, have the ability for multi-element analysis and thus could have the widest fields of application. 

Production of Ions. Several methods are used (11 by bombardment with electrons from a heated filament (2 by application of a strong electrostatic field (field ionization, field desorption) Ot by reaction with an ionized reagent gas (chemical ionization) (4 by direct emission of ions from a solid sample that is deposited on a heated filament (surface ionization) (SI by vaporization from a crucible and subsequent electron bombardment (e.g.. Knudsen cell for high-lcmperalure sludies id solids and (6) by radio-frequency spark bomhardmenl of sample fur parts-per-biliion (ppb) elemental analysis of solids as encountered in metallurgical, semiconductor, ceramics, and geological studies. Ions also are produced by photoion izution and laser ionizalion. 

Dettman DL, Kohn MJ, Quade J, Ryerson FJ, Ojha TP, Hamidullah S (2001) Seasonal stable isotope evidence for a strong Asian monsoon throughout the past 10.7 m.y. Geology 29 31-34 Dettman DL, Lohmann KC (1995) Approaches to microsampling carbonates for stable isotope and minor element analysis Physical separation of samples on a 20 micrometer scale. J Sedimentary Petrol A65 566-... 

Rehkamper, M., Halliday, A. N., and Wentz, R. F. (1997b) Low blank digestion of geological samples for platinum group element analysis using a modified Carius Tube design. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 361, 217-219. 

---