Geographical cluster

Diagnosis If signs and symptoms spelled out above are noted in large numbers of geographically clustered patients, exposure to aerosolized ricin is the suggested cause. The rapid time course of severe symptoms and death would be unusual for infectious agents. Laboratory findings are nonspecific except for specific serum ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Acute and convalescent sera (plural of serum ) should be collected. 

As discussed previously, the isotopic composition of evaporating water bodies on plots of 8lsO versus 8D lie on evaporation lines. The intersection of any evaporation line with the LMWL corresponds to the average composition of water entering the lake. Geographically clustered lakes that meet the requirement of being at isotopic steady state should plot along the same... 

Where lakes are geographically clustered, the index-lake method can be useful for estimating the groundwater components of additional lake budgets after calculating the budget for the index lake. 

Double diffetetice or di ference-in-dififereiices method is another estimation method that can be used with experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental designs. Impact is estimated by comparing the outcomes for the treatment and the comparison groups (first difference) before and after the intervention (second difference). This method requires baseline and follow-up data from the same treatment and control groups, ideally as panel data. If the samples for the follow-up survey differ from the baseline survey, they should be from the same geographic clusters or strata in terms of some other variable. 

Harris JM, Cullinan P, McDonald JC. Occupational distribution and geographic clustering of deaths certified to be cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis in england and wales. Chest 2001 119(2) 428 33. 

The first important result of this analysis is that the European chemical companies perform most of their researeh in their home-country, and that patenting activity clusters in few regions. This confirms earlier study by Patell and Pavitt (1997) that the globalisation of R D by multinational enterprises is at best a quite ineomplete process. The seeond set of results explore research collaborations at the level of the individual inventors. Particularly, the analysis compares the firm and the geographical cluster as organisational modes for... 

The results confirm that also in chemicals innovative activity concentrates geographically across European regions, and that chemical companies perform most of their research in the home country. Moreover, when the geographical cluster is compared to the firm for organising R D activities, the large company is a more effective coordination mechanism to enhance the formation of international networks of inventors, to induce a large number of inventors to collaborate, and to produce interdisciplinary patents. 

The next section introduces the key issues of the chapter. Section 3 describes the geographical distribution of chemical innovations in Europe and presents some insights from the data about the effectiveness of the firm and the geographical cluster. Section 4 checks for multiple correlations by means of Probit and OLS regressions. The final section concludes. 

The agent itself has no particular identifying characteristics, although the appearance of a large geographical cluster of acute lung injury casualties may raise suspicion of an aerosolised ricin release. 

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