Geoffroy, Claud

Geoffroy, Claude-Joseph (1685-1752) (eleve de Tournefort 1707, associe botaniste 1711), associe 1715, pensionnaire 1723... 

Geoffroy, Claude-Joseph. Observations sur la nature et la composition du sel ammoniac. Memoires, 1720, 189-207. 

Geoffroy, Claude-Joseph. Suite des observations sur la fabrique du sel ammoniac, avec sa decomposition pour en tirer le sel volatil, que Ton nomme vulgairement sel d Angleterre. Memoires, 1723, 210-222. 

Geoffroy, Claude-Joseph. Experiences Reflexions sur le Borax. Memoires,... 

Geoffroy, Claude-Joseph. Examen des differentes Vitriols avec quelques Essais sur la formation artificielle du Vitriol blanc de I Alun. Memoires, 1728, 301-310. 

Geoffroy, Claude-Joseph. Nouvelles Experiences sur le Borax, avec un moyen facile de faire le Sel Sedatif, d avoir un Sel de Glauber, par la meme operation. Memoires, 1732, 398-418. 

Ger. Weisse Masse, white mass later Wisuth and Bisemutum) In early times bismuth was confused with tin and lead. Claude Geoffroy the Younger showed it to be distinct from lead in 1753. 

Bismuth - the atomic number is 83 and the chemical symbol is Bi. The name derives from the German weisse masse for white mass (the name later altered to wismuth and bisemutum) from the color of its oxides. The ancients did not distinquish bismuth from lead. The French chemist Claude-Francois Geoffroy (the younger) showed that bismuth was distinct from lead in 1753. 

Bismuth, which has been known since ancient times, was often confused with lead and tin. Basilius Valentinus described some of its uses in 1450, but it was in 1753 that bismuth was shown by Claude Francois Geoffroy to be a distinct element. Bismuth occurs freely in nature and in such minerals as bismuthinite (Bi2S3), bismite (Bi203), and bismutite KBiObCO i. ... 

French nobleman Claude Geoffroy, the Younger White, brittle metal often found with copper, tin, and lead its alloy, called Wood s metal, has a low boiling point making it useful in triggering fire alarms. 

Mathieu-Frangois Geoffroy had chosen pharmacy as the career for his elder son Etienne-Frangois and medicine for his younger son. Etienne preferred medicine, however, while Claude-Joseph followed his father s calling and became a famous apothecary and chemist, Geoffroy the Younger. 

Dorveaux, P. Apothicaires membres de TAcademie Royale des Sciences. III. Simon Boulduc. Revue pharm. 67, 1930, 5-15 IV. Gilles-Fran9ois Boulduc. ibid. 74, 1931, 113-117 V. Etienne-Fran ois Geoffroy. ibid. 2, 1931, 118-126 VI. Nicolas Lemery. ibid. 75, 1931, 208-219 VIL Claude-Joseph Geoffroy. ibid. 3, 1932, 113-122 IX. Guillaume-Fran ois Rouelle. ibid. 4, 1933, 169-186. 

The name is somewhat obscure, but its symbol came from Latin bisemutum, which was a Latinized version of the German Wismuth, perhaps from weisse Masse, meaning white mass. Bismuth, although rarely found in elemental form in nature, may have been confused with tin or lead in ancient times. Although earlier references to the metal may exist, it was Claude Geoffroy Junine who showed that it was a distinct mineral in 1753. Bismuth is used in the creation of magnets, cosmetics, and some medicines and as a trace alloy for specialized iron products. 

Bismuth — (Ger. Weisse Masse, white mass later Wisuth and Bisemutum), Bi at. wt. 208.98040(1) at. no. 83 m.p. 271.4°C b.p. 1564°C sp. gr. 9.79 (20°C) valence 3 or 5. In early times bismuth was confused with tin and lead. Claude Geoffroy the Younger showed it to be distinct fromlead in 1753. It is a white crystalline, brittle metal with a pinkish tinge. It occurs native. The most important ores are bismuthinite or bismuth glance (BijSj,) and bismite (Bi O, ). Peru, Japan, Mexico, Bolivia, and Canada are major bismuth producers. Much of the bismuth produced in the U.S. is obtained as a by-product in refining... 

Bismuth Bi 83 209.0 1753 Claude Geoffroy (Er.) Ge. bismuth, probably a distortion of weisse masse (white mass) in which it was found... 

---