Genomic blueprint genomics

The work of the Human Genome Project has allowed researchers to begin to understand the blueprint for building a person. As researchers learn more about the functions of genes and proteins, this knowledge will have a major impact in the fields of medicine, biotechnology,... 

DNA contains the full genetic blueprint for an organism. Every enzyme, receptor, and structural protein is encoded by DNA in subsections called genes. Collectively, all the genes of an organism comprise its full genome. For humans, the full genome consists of over 3 billion nucleotide pairs.2... 

The methods of nucleic acid sequencing have now advanced to such an extent that the United States and other national governments are funding a 10-20 year project to sequence the entire human genome [10,11] at an estimated cost of 3 billion. The genome is the complete genetic blueprint of a human being. It consists of twenty four distinct chromosomes (twenty two pairs of autosomes... 

The completion of the Human Genome Project, however, does not imply that there remains no further need for sequencing. Quite to the contrary, the availability of a genetic blueprint allows for large-scale genetic variability studies. This requires efficient sequencing technologies. 

Nonorganismal or ecological structures have fundamentally different properties. There is no central and inheritable repository of information, analogous to the genome, which serves as the blueprint for an ecological system. Furthermore, natural selection is selfish, working upon the phenotype... 

Extraordinary in its scope and significance, the human genome project (HGP) has revealed the complete 3 billion base pair sequence that includes the estimated 35,000 genes of the human genetic blueprint. - ... 

As the human genome project finishes the first complete blueprint of the human genome, there is tremendous interest in identifying the variations in DNA sequences between individuals and relating these variations to phenotypes. It is of particular interest to understand how subtle sequence differences are associated... 

Type III polyketide synthases represent an evolutionarily distinct sub-type, and are less structurally and catalytically complex than the type I and II enzymes. In general, the type III enzymes have no significant similarity at the primaiy sequence level to either FAS or other PKS sub-types, and likely arose via an entirely distinct evolutionary path 24). Initially, type III PKSs were designated as plant-specific , however in more recent years type III synthases have also been characterized from bacteria e.g., 28). Additionally, the presence of related sequences identified within the sequenced genomes of numerous bacterial species strongly suggests that the blueprint for type III enzymes pre-dates their adaptation for use by land plants 24,25). 

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