Genioglossus muscle

Examine the cut surface of lower jaw section, lower incisors, and tongue and genioglossus muscle (see Note 10). 

Multicuspid tooth (upper) — Tongue (intrinsic muscle) Genioglossus muscle Lower incisors... 

Individuals with OSA usually have structural narrowing of the upper airway but are able to maintain upper airway patency in wakefulness, albeit with increased levels of genioglossus muscle (the major pharyngeal dilator) activity compared to... 

Mirtazapine is an antidepressant that increases both serotonin and noradrenaline by blockade of central a2 auto- and heteroreceptors mirtazapine also blocks 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptor subtypes, and that former property may induce slow-wave sleep. Systemic administration of mirtazapine has been shown to increase genioglossus muscle activity in anesthetized rats in a dose-dependent manner [55]. In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial of ten patients with OSA, mirtazapine at a dose of 15 mg reduced the AHI by 50 %, and the arousal index by some 29 % [56], Side-effects with use of mirtazapine include somnolence and hyperphagia/weight gain. 

Genioglossus (tongue) This variable corresponds to a muscle that pulls the back of the tongue towards the jawbone whilst the front of the tongue moves towards the hard palate. It normally ranges from 0.0 (resting position) to 1.0 (maximum pull). 

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