Genetic Engineering Cloning

The subject of genetic engineering is still in its youth, but already the development of suitable techniques has led to the construction of bacteria or enzymes capable of performing many useful tasks. On the other hand, progress in this field has the potential to enhance the caapabilities of bacterial warfare, or to accidentally produce some of the uncontrollable monsters of science fiction  

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D.M. Glover, Genetic engineering Cloning DNA, Outline Studies in Biology, Chapman Hall, New York, 1980. 

In 1989, two enzymes based on genetic engineering techniques were introduced, ie, a cloned alkaline protease (IBIS) and a protein engineered Subtihsin Novo (Genencor, California). Lipase and ceUulase types of detergent enzymes have also begun to appear. 

It is likely that any new enzymes isolated by screeners will be quickly and routinely cloned by genetic engineers, and be sequenced and expressed as almost pure proteins. Protein chemists can then evaluate the properties of the new enzyme and determine its three-dimensional stmcture. This vast amount of information allows the protein engineers and their computers to design the enzymes of the future. 

Manipulation of the DNA to change its structure, so-called genetic engineering, is a key element in cloning (eg, the construction of chimeric molecules) and can... 

By means of genetic engineering, including cloning and site-directed mutagenesis, it has become possible for modern synthetic chemists to utilize a sufficient amount of isolated enzyme catalysts and to modify the reactivity, stability, or even specificity of enzymes. Therefore, polymerizations catalyzed by isolated enzyme are expected to create a new area of precision polymer syntheses. Furthermore, enzymatic polymerizations have great potential as an environmentally friendly synthetic process of polymeric materials. 

Cloning The production of a number of genetically identical individuals in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH]... 

Mohan RR, Possin DE, Mohan RR, Sinha S, Wilson SE. Development of genetically engineered tet HPV16-E6/E7 transduced human corneal epithelial clones having tight regulation of proliferation and normal differentiation. Exp Eye Res 77 395-407 (2003). 

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