General Aspects of Nanofiber Growth

Attention will be focused here on the growth process of p6P and the growth substrate muscovite mica, but no detailed growth model will be given. 

Accordingly, on every dipolar domain there is only a single needle direction. 

Therefore, the only positions suitable for carrying functional groups seem to be the two para-positions, because any other position would lead to a significant out-of-plane orientation of the phenylene rings and probably also prevent the self-assembly for steric reasons. 

Unfortunately, it is rather difficult to modify para-phenylenes because of their low solubility, which decreases further with increasing chain length of the 

In the following the development is presented of a general approach for the synthesis of symmetrically and differently l,4 -substituted p-quaterphenylenes by application of a reliable Suzuki cross-coupling strategy. Experimental details are not given here but can be found elsewhere [51-53]. Note that organic synthesis is a key step for the bottom-up nanotechnology approach. 

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