Gel Formation by Intermolecular Physical Bonding

In general, these interactions form junction zones like microcrystals, helices, ion complexes, and micelles (see Fig. 5). 

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In the cases of the hydrogen-bonded materials described in the previous sections, single homogeneous liquid-crystalline phases without phase separation are displayed by the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Here, liquid-crystalline physical gels, anisotropic functional materials with heterogeneous self-organized structures (Type B in Fig. 2), are discussed. 

Gels are in the state where a large amount of solvent is enclosed in polymer networks, and polymer networks are formed by crosslinking. Therefore, to make gels is nothing other than forming a crosslink structure. Crosslink structure can be divided into formation by covalent bonds or intermolecular physical bonds [1],... 

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