Gault

What are the objections to these ideas The equivalence between students ideas and scientific conceptions had often been doubted. The main argument of many authors has been that both sides are incommensurable. Students conceptions with limited empirical foundation, often ad hoc formulated or post hoc reconstmcted by researchers, have a completely different ontological status to empirically based ideas that are carefully formulated and sharpened by debate among scientific peers. Gault (1991) sketches some cmcial differences as follows ... 

Gault, C. (1991). History of science, individual development and science teaching. Research in Science Education, 21, 133-140. 

Castelnau C, Le Gal F, Ripault MP, Gordien E, Martinot-Peignoux M, Boyer N, Pham BN, Maylin S, Bedossa P, Deny P, MarcelUn P, Gault E (2006) Efficacy of peginterferon alpha-2b in chrome hepatitis delta relevance of quantitative RT-PCR for follow-up. Hepatology 44 728-735... 

Scheme 37 C - C bond cleavage or formation - Gault mechanism...

Gault and coworkers [ 149] have observed that the distribution of products obtained by hydrogenolysis and isomerization of methylcyclopentane was the same as those obtained with hexane. They proposed two competing mechanisms a selective mechanism implying an a, a, p, j0-tetra-adsorbed species and a non-selective mechanism implying coordinated olefin and bis-carbene intermediates (Scheme 38). 

Firstly, the difference between ethane and higher alkanes cannot be readily explained by mechanisms such as those proposed by Gault (Scheme 38) or 1,2-carbon-carbon activation mechanisms (Scheme 39), while the mechanism involving y-H activation does fully account for this observation. Given... 

O Equations to estimate creatinine clearance that incorporate a single creatinine concentration (e.g., Cockcroft-Gault) may underestimate or overestimate kidney function depending on whether acute renal failure is worsening or resolving. 

Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from scrum creatinine. Nephron 1976 16 31 41. 

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