Gastroesophageal reflux disease pathophysiology

On the pathophysiological side, hyperactive nNOS has been implicated in A/-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor-mediated neuronal death in cerebrovascular-stroke. Some disturbances of smooth muscle tone within the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., gastroesophageal reflux disease) may also be related to an overproduction of NO by nNOS in peripheral nitrergic nerves. 

Adapted from Williams DB, Schade RR. Gastroesophageal reflux disease. In DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al, eds. Pharmacotherapy A Pathophysiologic Approach. 6th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York McGraw-Hill 2005 615, with permission. 

Bozymski EM. Pathophysiology and diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Hosp Pharm 1993 50(Suppl 1) S4-S6. 

Galmiche JP, Janssens J. The pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease an overview. Scand J Gastroenterol 1995 (Suppl 211) 7-18. 

Carlsson R (1998) Gastroesophageal reflux disease - a study of pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis and management. Thesis, Department of Surgery, University of Goteborg, Sweden... 

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