Gasification, steam biomass catalytic

Mudge, L. K. Baker, E. G. Mitchell, D. H. Brown, M. D., Catalytic steam gasification of biomass for methanol and methane production. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 1985, 107, 88-92. 

When methanol is made from natural gas, the gas reacts with steam to produce synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This then reacts with a catalytic substance at high temperatures and pressures to produce methanol. The process is similar when methanol is produced by the gasification of biomass. The production of methanol from biomass or coal can cost almost twice as much as production from natural gas. 

Production of hydrogen by catalytic steam gasification of biomass... 

Cox et al. (1995) portray a new approach to thermochemical gasification of biomass to hydrogen. The process is based on catalytic steam gasification of biomass with concurrent separation of hydrogen in a membrane reactor that employs a permselective membrane to separate the hydrogen as it is produced. The process is particularly well-suited for wet biomass and may be conducted at temperatures as low as 575 K. 

Garcia L., Salvador M.L., Arauzo J., Bilbao R. (1999) Catalytic Steam Gasification of Pine Sawdust, Effect of Catalyst Weight/Biomass Flow Rate and Steam/Biomass Ratios on Gas Production and Composition, Energy Fuels, 13 (4), 851-859. 

Biomass can be gasified to obtain gas for power generation, hydrogen production or chemical synthesis. The reaction atmosphere can influence very significantly the gas composition and its posterior use. For instance, steam gasification of biomass (1-5) and catalytic steam reforming of liquids from pyrolysis (6,7) produce a rich-hydrogen gas and a CO residual stream. 

Figure 11.24 Characterization of tar samples from gasification tests. Reference test without catalytic filter candle. Tests with catalytic filter candle ( ) with S/B (steam/biomass ratio) =0.84 (II) with S/B = 1.1. fSource Reproduced with permission from Ref. [102]. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society)...

De Lasa, H., et al., 2011. Catalytic steam gasification of biomass catalysts, thermodynamics and kinetics. Chemical Reviews 111 (9), 5404—5433. 

Caballero, M. A. Aznar, M. P. Gil, J. Martin, J. A. Frances, E. Corella, J., Commercial steam reforming catalysts to improve biomass gasification with steam-oxygen mixtures. 1. Hot gas upgrading by the catalytic reactor. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 1997,36(12), 5227-5239. 

Aznar, M. P. Caballero, M. A. Corella, J. Molina, G. Toledo, J. M., Hydrogen production by biomass gasification with steam-02 mixtures followed by a catalytic steam reformer and a CO-Shift system. Energy and Fuels 2006, 20, 1305-1309. 

Calcined dolomites are the most widely used nonmetallic catalysts for tar conversion in biomass gasification processes.626-631 They are relatively inexpensive and are considered disposable. However, they are not very robust and quickly undergo attrition in fluidized-bed reactors. Consequently, dolomites find most use in fixed-bed catalytic reactors. Tar conversion efficiency is high when calcined dolomites are operated at high temperatures (900°C) with steam. Olivine, another naturally occurring mineral, has also demonstrated tar conversion activity similar to that of calcined dolomite. Olivine is a much more... 

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