Gases, Vapors, and the Gas Laws

Of the three states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas), only gases have radically changing distances between molecules. When the distances between the molecules of a gas are different than what is found at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), we have either a positive or negative pressure (compared to atmospheric). 

As far as a gas is concerned, it does not make a difference whether the size of the container, the temperature of the gas, or the amount of gas has changed. All these conditions separately or together can change the pressure within a container. Analysis of contained gases led to the following gas laws, most of which go by the name of the researcher who formally identified them  

All gases uniformly fill all spaces within a container. This space is called the volume (V). There cannot be an independent localized collection of gases exerting uneven pressures within a container. 

All gases exert an equal pressure on all points of a container. Regardless of the shape of the container (on a static system), there can be no variation of gas pressure from any one point to any other point within that container. 

All gases exhibit a direct relationship between the temperature and pressure for a given volume and given amount of gas. Assuming that noth- 

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