Gaseous products, large release

When crude oil is refined, some of the processes yield additional gaseous products. The C3 and C4 constituents differ from those released from crude oil or from NGLs, which are saturated hydrocarbons. Refinery gases are high in unsaturates, e.g. propane (propylene) and butane (butylenes). These unsaturated hydrocarbons are a valuable source of chemical process intermediates and enjoy a large market alongside naphtha. 

The increase in volume as gaseous products are formed in a chemical reaction is even larger if several gas molecules are produced from each reactant molecule, such as the formation of CO and CO, from a solid fuel (Fig. 4.17). Lead azide, Pb(N3)2, which is used as a detonator for explosives, suddenly releases a large volume of nitrogen gas when it is struck ... 

Formation of gaseous products with simultaneous release of a large amount of energy. 

The LeBlanc Process was the first large-scale industrial chemical process. The process produced large quantities of gaseous hydrochloric acid as a by-product that released into the air and caused what was probably the first large-scale industrial pollution. It was later found that this waste gas could be captured and reacted with manganese dioxide to produce gaseous chlorine. The LeBlanc Process was used until about 1861, after which it began to be replaced by the more efficient Solvay Process. [7]... 

Explosives are highly energetic chemicals that rapidly release large amounts of gaseous products and energy upon detonation. The most frequently manufactured... 

The gas evolution curves for the thermal dissociation of [Co(en)3](SCN 3 (172) shows that gas is evolved in three phases. The first large peak arises from the initial dissociation of the complex to the NH4Co(SCN)3 intermediate. The second smaller peak is due to the dissociation of this compound, whereas dissociation of the compound, Co(SCN)Zl is responsible for the gaseous products released between 300 and 800°C. The first step in the dissociation process involves the release of most of the ethylenediamine. This was anticipated since this first step is thought to be the conversion of [Co(en)3](SCN)3 to NH/tCo(SCN)3 with the evolution of ethylenediamine. However, small quantities of ethylenediamine remain in the system to temperatures in excess of 500°C. 

F. A Description of Some of the Radiological Effects of a Large Release of Gaseous and Volatile Fission Products... 

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