Gas blowing

The iron formed in a blast furnace, called pig iron, contains impurities that make the metal brittle. These include phosphorus and silicon from silicate and phosphate minerals that contaminated the original ore, as well as carbon and sulfur from the coke. This iron is refined in a converter furnace. Here, a stream of O2 gas blows through molten impure iron. Oxygen reacts with the nonmetal impurities, converting them to oxides. As in the blast furnace, CaO is added to convert Si02 into liquid calcium silicate, in which the other oxides dissolve. The molten iron is analyzed at intervals until its impurities have been reduced to satisfactory levels. Then the liquid metal, now in the form called steel, is poured from the converter and allowed to solidify. 

An evaporator is a device that eliminates excess solvent from a liquid solution and concentrates the solutes by vaporizing a portion or all of the solvent. The modern way to accomplish this is by using a stream of inert gas blowing over the surface of the solution while applying gentle heat. 

Add and dissolve viosterol in com oil and vitamin A palmitate, mixing well with C02 gas blowing. 

Preparation of calibration standards Seven standard solutions each containing all the target compounds (phenolics plus DIMBOA) were first prepared in HPLC-grade methanol at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 pg/mL respectively. In separate analyses, 1.0 mL from each of the methanolic standards was pipetted into a 2 mL minivial and dried by gentle nitrogen gas blow-down. A 1.0 mL volume of internal standard p-chlorobenzoic acid at a concentration of 1.0 pg/mL in methanol was then pipetted into the dry minivial and dried again by blowdown prior to formation of silylated derivatives. 

Dilution is not a problem, but it requires more equipment and gas blowing power. 

Fig. 6.9. /J/A7j-values for CD from CD4 under the simplifying assumptions for the simulation of a pure gas blow...

There are various equipment for foam generation that employ the method of gas blowing through porous plates or capillaries [6,7,11], One of the first equipment of this type is the aspiration foam generator of Tyutyunnikov and Kasyanova [30]. A similar device that works with smaller volume of foaming solution is proposed by Japanese researchers [31]. 

The liquid volume carried away with the foam is determined by the rate of liquid entering the foam (proportional to the rate of gas blowing) and by the rate of liquid flow out from the foam (the rate of drainage). In fact when the volumetric gas flow rate is low and the whole excess liquid has the time to flow out of the foam, at the outlet of the generator a foam is formed with an expansion ratio close to the liquid distribution along the foam column... 

Aldushin, A. P., and Sepliarskii, B. S., Inversion of wave structure in porous medium during gas blow-through. Phys. Dokl., 24,928 (1978a). 

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