Sensors gamma-based

Short Normal Resistivity (after Anadriii). The short normal (SN) resistivity sub provides a real-time measurement of formation resistivity using a 16-in. electrode device suitable for formations drilled with water-base muds having a moderate salinity. A total gamma ray measurement is included with the resistivity measurement an annular bottomhole mud temperature sensor is optional. The short normal resistivity sub schematically shown in Figure 4-273 must be attached to the MWD telemetry tools and operates in the same conditions as the other sensors. 

One of the earliest methods of mass flow determination was to install two separate sensors one to measure the volumetric flow, and the other to detect the density of the flowing stream. On the basis of these two inputs, a microprocessor-based transmitter can measure mass flow. A further improvement occurred when the density and volumetric flow sensors were combined in a single package (Figure 3.75). These units are composed of either a Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter or a magnetic flowmeter and a gamma radiation-... 

One hour after the measurements had confirmed the lack of intense contamination of the near-snrface air, sea surface and the vessel itself, specialists began sounding of sea water colnmn (from surface to bottom) using deep-water gamma-roentgenometer GGR-1 and PRM-K complex (RZhG sensor on base of NaJ (Tl) low-background monociystal, 63-250 mm in size). 

Electrochemical Sensors Based on Pofymer Films Immobilized by Gamma Irradiation... 

---