Gallium hydrogen chloride

Gallium(III) chloride is prepared by the reaction of gallium with hydrogen chloride. Also, it can be made by direct combination of gallium and chlorine. The reaction is highly vigorous. 

Gallium trichloride, GaCl3, may be prepared by the direct combination of the elements at slightly elevated temperatures.1 Unlike indium, which forms the dichloride by reaction with hydrogen chloride gas,2 gallium forms the trichloride. This method yields pure gallium trichloride and, in addition, eliminates the use of chlorine which is often objectionable. 

Hydrogen chloride (see synthesis 52) is dried by passage through a train of wash bottles containing concentrated sulfuric acid and a 30-in. drying tower filled with calcium chloride. Pure metallic gallium is obtained by the elec-... 

The gallium (1 to 2 g.) is weighed into a porcelain boat, and the latter inserted into a pyrex tube 50 cm. in length and 2 cm. in diameter. A portion of this tube is surrounded by a small resistance furnace the temperature of which is controlled by an outside rheostat. After the air in the apparatus has been displaced by hydrogen chloride, the temperature of the furnace is allowed to rise slowly to 200°C. This temperature is maintained until all the gallium has disappeared from the boat. Reaction proceeds slowly at a temperature as low as 75°C., but the higher temperature is desirable because of the sublimation of the chloride to the cooler parts of the pyrex tube. Accordingly, a clean surface of the metal is always exposed. 

Cocatalytic features have been reported for the conjoint action of gallium chloride and hydrogen chloride in the addition of the latter to variousolefins No detailed study of the mechanism of these reactions was however carried out and the interpretation of the results is somewhat complkated by the fact that in both studies toluene was used as solvent, and it is known that hydrc en chloride gives a complex with this aromatic hydrocarbon. 

The NbjGa phase was first determined to be superconducting by Matthias et al. [86]. Nb Ga adopts the cubic [Cr Si] A15 structure (Fig. 2-5) with an a-axis spacing from 5.16 to 5.18 A. The CVD synthesis of superconducting Nb Ga films by hydrogen reduction of mixed niobium and gallium metal chlorides has been reported [87]. One phase-pure A15 Nb. Ga film had 7(. = 18 K while a mixed phase Nb Ga/Nb Gai deposit exhi-bitied T, = 20,3 K. 

Fig. 3. Schematic illustration of HVPE growth method. The growth is performed in a quartz tube reactor by bubbling a hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas flow over a Ga melt, which results in the formation of gaseous gallium chloride (GaCl). The GaCl flows through the nozzle towards the sample, where it reacts with ammonia (NH3) to form GaN.

Aluminium B a 5 o B B < I Antimony a < Barium B a 1 3 Bismuth I Boron Cadmium 1 Caesium Calcium 1 Cerium Chloride, Chlorine [ Chromium X) o o C o a Gallium I Germanium Gold 1 Hafnium Hydrogen sulphide B a 5 a B a 5 a o 1 Lanthanons Lead f Lithium 1 Magnesium f Manganese Mercury Molybdenum... 

Aluminum chloride or gallium trichloride (82MI3) or trimethylaluminum (82MI2) convert 4-methylbenzene-1,2-dithiol into the radical cation of 2,7-dipiethylthianthrene the rather unlikely loss of hydrogen sulfide in a step, 95 96, was imputed (Scheme 16). 

Previously reported syntheses of the title compound have involved vacuumline techniques.1-2 We describe here a procedure in which commercially available Schlenk-type glassware is used.j The synthesis involves the reaction of the protic hydrogen of trimethylammonium chloride with a hydridic hydrogen of [GaH4], to liberate hydrogen and form the desired amine gallium complex. 

The chloride forms white crystals that melt at 29°C with decomposition and, when heated to 150°C, decompose quantitatively into gallium dichloride, Ga[GaCl4], and hydrogen. Several diorganogallanes were also described. Among these were [Et2GaH] (43-45) and [Bu 2GaH] (46) prepared, for example, by reactions such as (7) and (8) ... 

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