Galleries, interlayer

Due to the TO structure of the clay, the interlayer H-bonding is very strong. This hinders the intercalation of any molecule or chain into the gallery. Hence, the kaolinite clay cannot be used for nanocomposite preparation. 

Fig. 9.3 Illustration of a model of interlayer structure of intercalant N-(cocoalkyl)-N,N-[bis (2-hydroxyethyl)]-N-methyl ammonium cation (qCi4(OH)) in the gallery space of layered titanate (HTO). The average distance between exchange sites is 0.888 nm, calculated from the surface charge density of 1.26e /nm2. For qCi4(OH), the obtained molecular length,...

A more sophisticated method was developed by Ren et al. [123] for the immobilization of penicillin G acylase by covalent grafting in the interlayer galleries of a LDH by a three-step procedure using a glutamate pillared LDH as the starting material. 

The structure of the interlayer galleries is discussed in detail in Sect. 3.2. 

A considerable amount of information can be obtained about the location and bonding of the interlayer anions by XRD, although the detailed structure of the highly disordered hydrogen bonding network in the interlayer galleries is not amenable to study by this method. 

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