Galilei

Galilei, Galileo, 1638, Genuan in Ostwalds Klassiker, Discorsi. 11, 106-109. 

An unsupported body at once falls towards the earth, and its velocity increases continuously as it descends. The increase of velocity in unit time was found by Galilei (1638) to be constant it is called the acceleration of gravity (g). 

However, in Maxwell s days everyone assumed that there had to be a mechanical underpinning for the theory of EM. Many researchers worked on very detailed hidden variable theories for the EM field, in an attempt to prove that the laws of EM were in fact a theorem in NM, just like Kepler s laws are a theorem in NM. No one noticed that it was impossible to do this, since Maxwell s equations are not Galilei invariant and Newton s laws are. That includes Lorentz who discovered around 1900 that the Maxwell equations are invariant under another transformation that now bears his name. 

First, the three centuries of basic, classical discoveries (Galilei, Kepler, Laplace et al.). 

According to Galilei, the observation of natural phenomena using suitable measuring instruments provides certain numerical values which must be related to one another the solution of the equations derived from the numbers allows us to forecast future developments. This led to the misunderstanding that knowledge could only be obtained in such a manner. The result was deterministic belief, which was disproved for microscopic objects by Heisenberg s uncertainty principle. On the macroscopic scale, however, it appeared that the deterministic approach was still valid. Determinism was only finally buried when deterministic chaos was discovered. 

The ceremony was held on August 1, 2004, hosted by Prof. Sergio Martellucci, Co-Director of the International School of Quantum Electronics. A number of distinguished scientists and national leaders participated in the ceremony representing the Italian institutions (Universities, Research and Industry) operating in the field of laser. At the end of the Ceremony Prof. Townes has been awarded by the Galileo Galilei medal of the Italian Optics and Photonics Society (S.I.O.F.). 

Thermoscope invented by Galileo Galilei The thermoscope has no graduated scale, therefore temperature evaluation is only qualitative... 

Returning to our first analogy, the neutrino, it is worthwhile to read a roundtable discussion (51) presented according to the style of Galilei as the viewpoints of different types of physicists Fact and Fancy in Neutrino Physics . This imaginary colloquium illustrates how artistic and philosophical skills can be helpful when discussing elementary particles. There is, of course, an alternative to subsistence . 

Another atomist, prosecuted by the Italian church authorities, was Galileo Galilei (1564-1642 CE). He irritially used minimi to describe the smallest parts of substances but later applied the term to Epicurean atoms separated by a quantitatively infinite vacuum. The atomic structure of substances was necessary from mathematical reasoning, and the atom was indivisible without shape and dimensions. The qualities or properties (color, odor, taste, etc.) of atoms were not associated with atoms but with their serrsory detection by the observer (42). 

W. I. Fushchych, L. F. Barannik, and A. F. Barannik, Subgroup Analysis of the Galilei and Poincare Groups and Reduction of Nonlinear Equations, Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1991 (in Russian). 

The Industrial Revolution, which was natural resource- and cheap labor-dependent, was ignited in the midst of an ongoing scientific revolution, which started over two centuries earlier with Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543), Galileo Galilei (1564—1642), Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), Rene Descartes (1596-1650) and many others, all the way to Isaac Newton (1642-1727) and his great Principia published in 1687, and beyond—a revolution that continues unabated to these very days. 

In closing, Galileo Galilei may be quoted also with reference to organosilicon radical cations100 Measure everything and the unmeasurable make measurable . 

Figure 1.3 Galileo Galilei (1564-1642). Would the Church have reprimanded Galileo if he was able to demonstrate stellar parallax (Drawing by K. Llewellyn Blakeslee.)...

Galilei, Galileo. Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. Translated by Stillman Drake. University of California Press, Berkeley. 1953. 

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