Galacturonic acid 1-phosphate

Figure 21 Analytical scale separation of oligomers of a-(l,4)-linked galacturonic acid. Column 25 x 0.46 cm Dynamax NH2. (A) Gradient separation, pH 5.9, 0.1-0.4 M phosphate in 25 min. UV detection at 220 nm. (B) 0.8 M acetate, pH 5. Refractive index detection. (Reproduced with permission from Elsevier Science from Hotchkiss, Jr., A. T., Hicks, K. B., Doner, L. W., and Irwin, R L., Carb. Res., 215, 81, 1991.)...

Fig. 1. — Effect47 of Tomato Pectinesterase on the Activity of Pectate Lyase Acting on Highly Esterified Pectin. [Reaction mixtures contained 0.5% of D-galacturonan (broken line) or poly(D-galacturonic acid methyl ester) methyl glycoside (solid lines), 5 mM CaCl2, 33 mM phosphate buflFer (pH 7.0), and 0.25 unit of lyase in a final volume of 3.0 ml. In addition, the reaction mixture represented by the middle curve contained 0.031 unit of tomato pectinesterase in a final volume of 3.3 ml.] Reprinted, with permission, from M. Lee and J. D. Macmillan, Biochemistry, 9, 1930-1934 (1970). Copyright by the American Chemical Society.

D-Galacturonic acid has also been found in bacterial polysaccharides.125,126 In several Proteus O-antigens, amino acids are amide-linked to the carboxyl group of a-D-galacturonic127 or glucuronic acid.128 It has been shown that D-galacturonic acid replaces phosphate residues in the lipid A component of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the bacterium Aquifex pyrophilus,129... 

B. M. Plotz, B. Lindner, K. O. Stetter, and O. Holst, Characterization of a novel lipid A containing D-galacturonic acid that replaces phosphate residues, J. Biol. Chem., 275 (2000) 11222-11228. 

Choma, A., Sowinski, P. Characterization of Mesorhizobium huakuii lipid A containing both D-galacturonic acid and phosphate residues. Eur J Biochem/FEBS 271 (2004) 1310-1322. 

Kanjilal-Kolar, S., Raetz, C.R.H. Dodecaprenyl phosphate-galacturonic acid as a donor substrate for lipopolysaccharide core glycosylation in Rhizobium leguminosarum. J Biol Chem 281... 

Figure 14.4 Separation of organic acids (as anions) and inorganic anions in wine (reproduced with permission of Dionex). Conditions column, 25cm x 4mm i.d. and precolumn stationary phase, lonPac AS11-HC mobile phase, 1.5 ml min nonlinear gradient from 1 mM to 60mM NaOH and from 0 to 20% methanol temperature, 30°C conductivity detector after packed suppressor. Peaks 1 = lactate 2 = acetate 3 = formate 4 = pyruvate 5 = galacturonate 6 = chloride 7 = nitrate 8 = succinate 9 = malate 10 —tartrate 11—fumarate 12 —sulfate 13 = oxalate 14 = phosphate 15 —citrate 16 = isocitrate 17 = c/s-aconitate 18 = frans-aconitate.

---