Galactose toxicity

G5. Ginsburg, V., and Neufeld, E. F., Inhibition of phosphoglucomutase by galactose-1-phosphate. A possible factor in galactose toxicity. Am. Chem. Soc., 132nd Meeting, New York, N.Y., 1957, p. 27C. 

It seems that the factors involved in D-galactose toxicity are diverse, and no single mechanism can be recommended as a general explanation. The conversion of D-galactose into cell-wall components and oligosaccharides in plants may be considered to be a detoxifying process. 

Mehta, D.V, Kabir, A., and Bhat, P.J., 1999, Expression of human inositol monophosphatase suppresses galactose toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Possible implications in galactosemia. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1454 217-226. 

Anonym. Galactose toxicity in the chick hyperosmolafity or depressed brain energy reserves Science 1972 176 815-817. 

Sucrose and isomaltose Glucose and galactose Toxic dietary factor Fava bean Exercise High altitude... 

E S R.. Fenton. Transferrin Complexes with Non-Physiological and Toxic Metals, David M. Taylor. Transferrins, Edward N. Baker. Galactose Oxidase, Peter Knowles and Nobutoshi Ito. Chemistry of Aqua Ions of Biological Importance, David T. Richens. From a Structural Perspective Structure and Function of Manganese - Containing Biomolecules, David C. Weatherburn, Index. Volume 3,1996,304 pp. 109.50/ 70.00 ISBN 1-55938-642-8... 

Marroquin, L.D. et al. (2007) Circumventing the Crabtree effect replacing media glucose with galactose increases susceptibility of HepG2 cells to mitochondrial toxicants. Toxicological Sciences, 97 (2), 539-547. 

T14. Severity of Clinical Symptoms Due to Enzyme Deficiency The clinical symptoms of two forms of galactosemia—deficiency of galactokinase or of UDP-glucose galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase— show radically different severity. Although both types produce gastric discomfort after milk ingestion, deficiency of the transferase also leads to liver, kidney, spleen, and brain dysfunction and eventual death. What products accumulate in the blood and tissues with each type of enzyme deficiency Estimate the relative toxicities of these products from the above information. 

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