Galactose elimination

Nagel RA, Dirix LY, Hayllar KM, et al. Use of quantitative liver function tests— caffeine clearance and galactose elimination capacity—after orthotopic liver transplantation. J Hepatol 1990 10 149-157. 

FIGURE 7.4 Relationship between Child-Pugh stages of liver disease severity and extent of impairment in antipyrine breath test (ABT), galactose elimination capacity (GEC), sorbitol clearance, and indocyanine green clearance (ICG). (Adapted from data published by Herold C, Heinz R, Niedobitek G et al. Liver 2001 21 260-5.)... 

Difficulties of laboratory liver diagnostics 90 9.1 Galactose elimination capacity (GEC) 108... 

The galactose test assesses the ability of the hepatocyte to convert galactose to glucose. A healthy liver possesses a capacity to metabolize 500-600 mg galactose per minute. Roughly 90% of parenterally administered galactose is metabolized in the liver - independently of hepatic perfusion. Galactose elimination capacity (GEC) correlates well with the viable liver cell volume (67) and is therefore referred to as a reliable measure of the metabolic function of the liver. Prior to determination of GEC, 24-hour alcohol abstinence is necessary. (50, 53, 55, 65, 67, 69, 71, 72, 75, 77, 82)... 

Antipyrine is oxidized through biotransformation, independently of perfusion, predominantly in the micro-somes, and is excreted after hydroxylation and conjugation. After oral administration (15 or 18 mg/kg BW, respectively), the metabolic clearance ability of the liver (metabolic capacity of the microsomal monooxygenase system) can be assessed by computation of the concentration curve and the plasma half-life (after 3 and 24 hours). The serum half-life and plasma clearance are significantly enhanced/decreased, depending on the reduction in liver function. There is a close correlation with the galactose elimination capacity as well as with Quick s value. (58-60, 74, 88)... 

Bergstrom, M., Soderman, C., Eriksson, L.S. A simplified method to determine galactose elimination capacity in patients with liver disease. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1993 53 667-670... 

M., Pisi, E. Analysis of the deterioration rates of liver function in cirrhosis, based on galactose elimination capacity. Liver 1990 10 65-71... 

Merkel, C., Marchesini, G., Fabbri, A., Bianco, S., Bianchi, G., Enzo, E., Sacerdoti, D., Zoli, M., Gatta, A. The course of galactose elimination capacity in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis possible use as a surrogate marker for death. Hepatology 1996 24 820—823... 

Reichen, J., Widmer, T., Cotting, J. Accurate prediction of death by serial determination of galactose elimination capacity in primary biliary cirrhosis a comparison with the Mayo Model. Hepatology 1991 14 504-510... 

Redaelli, C.A., Dufour, J.F., Wagner, M., Schilling, M., Hiisler, J., Krahenbiihl, L., Biichler, M.W., Reichen, J. Preoperative galactose elimination capacity predicts complications and survival after hepatic resection. Ann. Surg. 2002 235 77-85... 

The galactose elimination capacity is a useful method of estimating the functioning liver mass (Tygstrup, 1964). A significant correlation was found between the apparent elimination rate constant for phenylbutazone (the plasma half-life) and the galactose elimination capacity (r = 0.868, P<0.05) in cirrhotic patients (Hvidberg et al., 1974). 

Tygstrup, N. (1964) The galactose elimination capacity in control subjects and in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Acta Medica Scandinavica, 175, 281-289. 

However, as mentioned previously, terminal glucose moieties do correlate with the high toxicity of QS-17 and QS-18. Periodate oxidation of QS-18, which presumably destroys the cis vicinal dihydroxyl groups of apiose or galactose, eliminates adjuvant activity. Thus, one or both of these sugars... 

KIO Keiding, S. and Vinterby, A. Orotate decreases the inhibitory effect of ethanol on galactose elimination in the perfused rat liver. Biochem. J., 160, 715-720 (1976)... 

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