Galactaric

Oxidation of tiie caibon atoms at both ends of the carbon chain produces an aldaric acid. That made from D-galactose is galactaric acid [526-99-8] a... 

Mucic Acid (Galactaric acid, Galactosaccharic acid, Tetrahydroxyadipic acid, Saccharolactic acid.Schleimsaure (Ger). 

The Synthesis of Some Galactaric (Mucic) Acid Derivatives, K. Butler, D. R. Lawrence, and M. Stacey,/. Chem. Soc., (1958) 740-743. 

To the names of aldaric acids that are symmetrical, which therefore have no D- or L- prefix, the prefix meso- may be added for the sake of clarity. Examples mero-erythraric acid, meso-ribaric acid, meso-xylaric acid, meso-allaric acid, meso-galactaric acid. 

Figure 10 Capillary ion analysis of 30 anions 1 = thiosulfate, 2 = bromide, 3 = chloride, 4 = sulfate, 5 = nitrite, 6 = nitrate, 7 = molybdate, 8 = azide, 9 = tungstate, 10 = monofluorophosphate, 11 = chlorate, 12 = citrate, 13 = fluoride, 14 = formate, 15 = phosphate, 16 = phosphite, 17 = chlorite, 18 = galactarate, 19 = carbonate, 20 = acetate, 21 = ethanesulphonate, 22 = propionate, 23 = propanesulphonate, 24 = butyrate, 25 = butanesulphonate, 26 = valerate, 27 = benzoate, 28 = D-glutamate, 29 = pentane-sulphonate and 30 = D-gluconate. Experimental conditions fused silica capillary, 60 cm (Ld 52 cm) x 50 p i.d., voltage 30 kV, indirect UV detection at 254 nm, 5 mM chromate, 0.5 mM NICE-Pak OFM Anion-BT, adjusted to pH 8.0, with 100 mM NaOH. (From Jones, W. R. and Jandik, R, /. Chromatogr., 546, 445,1991. With permission.)...

This enzyme [EC 4.2.1.42] catalyzes the conversion of d-galactarate to 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate and water. 

ACTIN ASSEMBLY KINETICS AAG AS AN INDEX OF COOPERATIVITY GALACTARATE DEHYDRATASE GALACTITOL 2-DEHYDROGENASE Galactocerebrosidase,... 

Hydroxycinnamoyl- CoAs Sugar acids (glucuronate, glucarate, galactarate) Monoesters exact position of the O-ester group unclear 25... 

When an oxidizing agent, e.g. nitric acid, is used, a sugar is oxidized at both ends of the chain to the dicarboxylic acid, called aldaric acid. For example, galactose is oxidized to galactaric acid by nitric acid. 

Galactaric Acid (mucic acid) [526-99-6] M 210.1, m 212-213°(dec). Dissolved in the minimum volume of dil aq NaOH, and ppted by adding dil HCI. The temperature should be kept below 25°. 

Other acids. Treating with nitric acid oxidizes the D-glucose and D-galactose portions of lactose to their respective dicarboxylic acids, D-glucaric (saccharic) and D-galactaric (mucic) acids. If the acid is sufficiently concentrated or hot, it may cause further oxidation to tartaric,... 

Arabinose—as could be shown by chain extension and degrading of glucose and mannose—forms a portion of both of these hexoses its configuration can be neither that of ribose, nor that of xylose, because, in contrast to arabinose, these pentoses form inactive dicarboxylic acids. The formula (7) (lyxose) is ruled out for arabinose, since a one-carbon addition to it leads to an inactive (galactaric) acid and an active (talaric) acid. Consequently, D-arabinose must have formula (5) and with that conclusion, (10) had been derived for D-(+)-glucose—but with one restriction. Fischer had to choose between (10) and its enantiomorph he chose (10), and wqs aware of the arbitrary nature of this decision. The same decision fixed the form of all the other series-related sugars represented in Fig. 1. That Fischer had accidentally chosen the correct absolute configuration was not realized until after his death. 

It now became clear that the (-H-tartaric acid produced by oxidation of n-saccharic (n-glucaric) acid is formed from its first four carbon atoms, and that racemic tartaric acid (31 + 32) is produced in the same manner, from mucic (galactaric) acid (19). The choice of formula (31) for (+)-... 

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