Ga-X bonds

The broken bonds (boldface = dissociated fragment) BDEs (boldface = recommended data reference in parentheses) Methods (reference in References 

---

Homolytic fission of an R3C—X bond is, in the gas phase, always less energy-demanding than heterolytic fission. This energetic advantage is, however, often reversed in polar solvents, because of the energy then developed—in heterolytic fission—from solvation of the developing ions. 

To date, 15 stibine R3M Sb(R/)3 (M = B, Al, Ga, In) and six bismuthine adducts R3M Bi(R )3 (M = Al, Ga) have been structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Their M-E, M-X and E-X bond lengths as well as X-M-X and X-E-X bond angles are summarized in Tables VI, YII and VIII. Figures 6-9 show the solid state structures of four representative adducts. 

The clusters described so far have in common, that the number of metal atoms is less or equal than the number of substituents. However, there is a still growing number of both neutral and anionic clusters in which the number of metal atoms is larger than the number of substituents. As a consequence, these metal-rich clusters contain naked metal centers which are only bonded to other metal centers. Schnockel referred these ones to as metalloid clusters. Several metalloid A1 and Ga clusters were prepared by standard salt elimination reactions using metastable solutions of metal subhalides MX (M = Al, Ga X = Cl, Br) as well as solutions of Gal. Since the metal subhalides were found to play the key role for the successful synthesis of this particular class of compounds, they will be discussed first. (For excellent review articles see Refs 273 and 274.)... 

---