G-Quadruplexes as Optical Sensors for Proteins

Lee and Walt used a related strategy to build a thrombin biosensor by covalent attachment of the TEA sequence to silica microspheres. They then used a fiber optic device to detect the binding of fluorescein-labeled thrombin to 

Tan and colleagues also used the aptamer beacon strategy to develop realtime sensing of thrombin.In addition to using fluorescence quenching, they also used both FRET and excimer strategies that allowed for significant 

In the past few years a new direction in TBA-based biosensors has been the development of methods for the electrochemical detection of thrombin. Some of the reported advantages of these electrochemical biosensors are their potential to provide high sensitivity, fast response times, low costs, easy fabrication, and the possibility for miniaturization. Ikebukoro and colleagues were the first to report on a TBA-based electrochemical sensor. Like others. 

Radi and O Sullivan recently described a similar approach wherein they attached a thiolated TEA sequence containing a redox-active ferrocene group 

---