G Estimation

O - Estimate is based on other approaches such as engineering calculations (e.g., estimating volatilization using published mathematical formulas) or best engineering judgment. This would Include applying an estimated removal efficiency to a wastestream, even if the composition of the stream before treatment was fully characterized by monitoring data. 

Page, j. S. and Nation,J. G., Estimator s Piping Man-Hour Manual, 2nd ed., Gulf Publishing Co., Flouston, Texas, 1976. 

Explain clearly why effective compensation of the ohmic drop is essential for diagnostic applications of cyclic voltammetry (e.g., estimating n from AEp). 

GG8, the radical cation must traverse five A/T base pairs. Electrochemical measurements in solution have shown that the purine bases (A and G) have considerably lower Eox than the pyrimidines (C and T), with the Eox of G estimated to be about 0.25 V below that of A [20]. It is not very likely that the Eox of bases in DNA will be the same as they are in solution, but it is generally assumed that the order of Eox will remain the same. Consequently, the radical cation at Gi of AQ-DNA(l) must traverse a bridge of five A bases to reach GG8. The process whereby the radical cation crosses such bridges has been a major point of debate in consideration of long distance radical cation migration mechanisms in DNA this issue will be discussed fully below. 

Camenisch, G., Alsenz, J., van de Waterbeemd, H., Folkers, G., Estimation of permeability by passive diffusion through Caco-2 cell mono-layers using the drugs lipophilicity and molecular weight, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 1998, 6, 313-319. 

Klapotke, T. M., and Ang, H.-G., Estimation of the Crystalline Density of Ni-tramine (N-N02-based) High Energy Density Materials (HEDM), Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Vol. 26, 2001, pp. 221-224. 

Renal function Impairment- Ceftazidime is excreted by the kidneys, almost exclusively by glomerular filtration. In patients with impaired renal function (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 50 mL/min), reduce dosage to compensate for slower excretion. In patients with suspected renal insufficiency, give an initial loading dose of 1 g. Estimate GFR to determine the appropriate maintenance dose. 

In principle avian exposnre conld be modeled at very hne levels of spatial and temporal scale e.g., estimating residnes of pesticides on individnal seeds and insects and then modeling individnal choices of a bird feeding on them — an analysis in nnits of centimeters and seconds. This level of analysis is very cnmbersome, and nsnally nnnecessary. If the resnlts wonld be the same, the analysis may be done at larger scales (e.g., in nnits of helds and days). 

When a parametric distribution is fitted, each datum contributes to the estimate of each parameter or percentile. Whether this is good or not depends on whether the distribution to be fitted is reasonable. If it is assumed that one can identify the true distribution, the data will be used in a way that is in some sense optimal. In the real world, where the best distribution is uncertain, it may happen that estimated frequencies for one tail of a distribution are sensitive to observations on the other tail, e.g., estimates of high concentration percentiles are sensitive to observed low concentrations. 

In some situations, more effective estimates of the pure spectra are obtained than EEcasuring the pure components directly (e.g., estimating pures within limited concentration ranges to insure linear response). 

In double-stranded DNA, electron abstraction from the guanine radical cation can be associated with an extremely fast shift of the N1 proton to its Watson-Crick partner cytosine (Scheme 2a) [9]. The equilibrium constant for the protonation of C (pfCa=4.3) with the concomitant deprotonation of G estimated from the pK values of the free nucleosides, is about 2.5 [49]. Within these constraints, the guanine radical should retain some radical cation character [82] and the complete deprotonation of G would require a base pair opening event occurring on a millisecond timescale [74]. An alternative mechanism of G deprotonation is the release of the N2 proton (Scheme 2b). This mechanism was experimentally established for 1-methyl-guanosine conductometric results showed that in neutral solutions, the radical cation of this nucleoside rapidly deprotonates with the formation of the neutral radical [48]. Although the exact mechanism of the G deprotonation in double-stranded DNA requires further clarification, electron abstraction... 

Rbl (g). Vapor pressure data were reported by von Wartenberg and Schulz1 and Ruff and Mugdan.1 Sommermeyer,1 from absorption spectra of Rbl(g), estimated Dz= —77.5. 

Lynch, David G. "Estimating the Properties of Synthetic Organic Dyes"... 

Knudsen numbers for EuCI2(g) (estimated diameter 8.70 A) varied for the three orifices between 200 and 0.2 at the extremes of temperatures. These values are within the limits accepted for molecular flow (36). 

Current serum levels3 (pg/g Estimated levels at the time of lipid) exposure termination13... 

Britton, L.G., Estimating the minimum ignition energy of hybrid mixtures, Process Safety Progress, 17, No. 2, Summer 1998. 

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