Funnel potential

It can be seen from Table 1, that the description of the energy spectnnn using partial siuns (A +1 > 3) of the 1/n expansion is fairly accurate for the funnel potential. The axicuraey is enhanced as I increases, and it is especially high for nodeless states (IS, 2P,...). In the latter case, only three terms of the 1/n expansion ensure percent accuracy in energy and t/>(0) computations and properly reproduce [20] the charmonitnn spectrum if equation with Cornell potential parameters [23] is used. It is important that the above expressions allow one to perform with ease calculations for other potentials arising from QCD. 

Conical intersections, introduced over 60 years ago as possible efficient funnels connecting different elecbonically excited states [1], are now generally believed to be involved in many photochemical reactions. Direct laboratory observation of these subsurfaces on the potential surfaces of polyatomic molecules is difficult, since they are not stationary points . The system is expected to pass through them veiy rapidly, as the transition from one electronic state to another at the conical intersection is very rapid. Their presence is sunnised from the following data [2-5] ... 

CM Becker. Quantitative visualization of a macromolecular potential energy funnel . I Mol Struct (THEOCHEM) 398-399 507-516, 1997. 

When a platinum wire (which may have been hot) was dipped for a flame test into a sintered funnel containing the air-dried complex, detonation occurred. This may have been due to heat and/or friction on a compound containing both strongly oxidising and reducing radicals. Avoid dipping (catalytically active) platinum wire into bulk samples of materials of unknown potential. 

Commonly, it is asserted that upward transitions from the lower adiabat to the upper one should be less likely than downward transitions because of the funneling property of the intersection [144,145]. This is clearly seen in the usual model conical intersection—as seen, for example, in Fig. 1 of Ref. 146, where there is (a) a well, or funnel, in the upper adiabat which guides the wavepacket to the intersection and (b) a peak on the lower adiabat which tends to guide the wavepacket away from the intersection. The potential energy surfaces shown in Fig. 7 differ from this canonical picture, and in particular it is not at all clear that the wavepacket on the lower adiabatic state will be funneled away from the intersection. For the conditions chosen in our calculations, we... 

In the method, soil samples are extracted by shaking or vortexing with the solvent. Water samples are extracted by shaking in a separatory funnel. If there is a potential for the presence of compounds that interfere with the method and make the data suspect, silica gel can be added to clean the extract. Sample extract aliquots are placed close to the bottom of a glass plate coated with a stationary phase. The most widely used stationary phases are made of an organic hydrocarbon moiety bonded to a silica backbone. 

Figure 9 Plot showing derived function used in calculating ratholing potential in funnel flow bins.

The reason that thermally allowed reactions are photochemically forbidden and vice versa also becomes more readily apparent (van der Lugt and Oosterhoff, 1969). As we have just noted the existence of a large ground state barrier for a particular reaction (i.e. the reaction is thermally forbidden ) implies that there is another potential surface of the same symmetry that has a well not far above this barrier (as in Fig. 21a). Photoinduced reactions may occur through the funnelling of the reaction complex from the excited surface well on to the ground state surface in a radiationless transition. Since the... 

By 1999, 108 countries had developed an NDP while 69 had yet to draft an implementation plan (WHO 2004a). Each country should take careful steps to plan and prioritize its implementation in correspondence with national priorities (WHO 2001). Prioritization is often based on balancing the severity of the problem, the likelihood in achieving the objective, and the potential impact possible with existing resources (WHO 2001). In the context of good governance, Cohen, Cercone, and Macaya (2002) suggest that resources should be funneled to the weakest link in the pharmaceutical system, to decrease the likelihood of poor investments. 

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