Functionality, thermal oxidative

Fig. 11.6 Optical properties of thermal oxide on silicon for three oxide thickness of 80, 100, and 120 nm. (a) The reflectance as a function of wavelength, (b) The relative change in reflectance upon immobilization of 1 nm protein...

Fig. 2.8 Etch rate of thermal oxide and CVD nitride (deposited at 850 °C) as a function of aqueous HF concentration at RT.

If the properties of anodically grown oxides are compared to those of thermal oxides, distinct differences are observed. Anodic oxides formed in water-rich electrolytes exhibit a lower refraction index (nr< 1.4) than thermal oxides ( =1.46) [Du2]. The density of thick anodic oxides is a weak function of the current density for galvanostatic anodization and increases from 1.8 to about 2.1 g cm-3 (thermal oxide 2.2 g cm4) if... 

As an example, Nakayama et al. thermally oxidized CNTs to introduce carboxyl groups at the opened CNT tips and then covalently linked ethylenediamine as a crosslinker (via EDC coupling) to provide primary amino groups that formed peptide bonds with N-hydroxysuccinimide-functionalized proteins (Fig. 5.2) [26]. 

Figure 7.11 Electrocatalytic activity of thermal oxides for O2 evolution as a function of heat of oxide formation [59].

The products of thermal oxidation of polyethylene films can be characterized by C FTNMR furthermore, using the spin-lattice relaxation technique, quantitative estimates can be made of the oxidized functional groups. Observation of the development progress of the various functional groups leads to the postulation of hydroperoxides as the primary oxidation products, which undergo further transformations to the other derivatives in a complex scheme . 

The major concern was the thermal oxidative stability performance of the new resin. Weight loss measurements at 250,285 and 300 °C provided comparable low values at 250 and 285 °C. However, at 300 °C, the B1 composite exhibited a marketly lower weight loss than PMR-15. The temperature capability of B1 composite is obvious from Fig. 41, where the flexural properties of resins are plotted as a function of the ageing time at 285 °C. PMR-15 seems to be a superior resin in this test. 

Process Variables. The thermal oxidation process is a direct function of process variables, including the condition of the silicon surface. The following are important factors that affect thermal oxidation ... 

Fig. 17. Activity for hydrogen evolution (0.5 M H2S04) of Pt microdeposits on unoxidized ( ) and thermally oxidized ( ) valve metals (Ti, Ta, Nb, Zr) as a function of particle size (decreasing with...

It might be assumed that, as condensed-phase flame retardants function by modifying the normal thermal degradation processes of polymers, they would also function as thermal stabilizers and that thermal antioxidant stabilizers would show flame-retardant properties. However, these statements are rarely the case, and to understand why, it is necessary to compare the mechanistic aspects of flame retardance as discussed earlier with those of thermal degradation and thermal oxidation as well, briefly alluded earlier, and in the case of the latter, the Bolland and Gee mechanism,17 in Scheme 2.1. 

Thermal Oxidative Degradation of Coal as a Route to Sulfur Functionality An Initial Study... 

Since diffusion is thermally activated, the growth rate in oxide film thickness during sliding as a function of temperature, similar to thermal oxidation under static conditions, follows an Arrhenius type of relationship... 

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