Functional groups bond-line structures

Identify the functional groups in the following model of arecoiine, a veterinary drug used to control worms in animals. Convert the drawing into a line-bond structure and a molecular formula (red = O, blue = N). 

While Lavoisier had established a rational system for naming elements and compounds, Frankland developed the system that we use today for writing chemical formulas and for depicting the bonds between the atoms in molecules. As Frankland synthesized more and more isomers, compounds with the same formulas but different molecular structures, he found traditional formulas confusing they showed the types and numbers of elements but provided no clue as to how the atoms were arranged inside the molecule. To remedy the problem, Frankland depicted the atoms in functional groups and drew lines between them to indicate the bonds between the elements. 

Fig. 6.3 shows the empirical Yg values of the different series of condensation polymers characterised by their functional groups as a function of the number of the CH2 groups in the structural unit (Nch2)- It is evident that for all series, except the polyamides, polyurethanes and polyurea s, the slope of the lines is constant, viz. 2.7, the increment of the CH2 group (Fig. 6.3a). Only for the polymers mentioned - all containing hydrogen bonding groups - the slope is 4.3. Networks of inter-molecular hydrogen bonds obviously cause an apparent increase of the CH2 increment from 2.7 to 4.3 (Fig. 6.3b).

The picture of molecules being composed of structural units, functional groups , which behave similarly in different molecules forms the very basis of organic chemistry. The drawing of molecular structures where alphabetic letters represent atoms and lines represent bonds is used universally. Organic chemists often build ball and stick, or CPK space-filling, models of their molecules to examine their shapes Force, field methods are... 

It appears nothing has happened at carbons 3, 4, 5, and 6, so we leave those alone. The C-O bond to carbon 1 has been broken and a new C-O bond made to carbon 2. However, there is more the line structure shorthand partially disguised that a C-H bond on carbon 2 has been broken and a new C-H bond made on carbon 1. The functional group at carbon 1 of the starting glucose is a hemiacetal, and the functional group at carbon 2 of the product fructose is a hemiketal. 

---