Functional calcium phosphate ceramics

While properties and applications of calcium phosphate ceramics will be treated in much detail, only a short account on the composition and functionality of bioglasses will be given below. More information on bioglasses and their in vitro and in vivo reactions can be found in Hench (1991, 2008, 2014), Gross et al. (1988), Kokubo (1991), Ducheyne, El-Ghannam and Shapiro (1997), Cerutti (2004) or Ben-Nissan and Ylanen (2006). 

Several other synthesis methods such as hydrolysis [20], pyrolysis [21,22], hydrothermal [10,23], and free-drying [24] methods are often used to fabricate ceramic nanoparticles, including calcium phosphates and carbonates, metal oxides, as well as nonoxides such as metal sulfates. Due to space limitations, these methods are not expanded here but it is important to note that the versatility of these methods provides rich opportunities to manufacture, modify, and functionalize complex nanoparticles or other nanoarchitectures. 

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