Functional Assays and Readouts

RNA expression Quantitative PCR Measure the messenger RNA (mRNA) level of genes of interest (host RNA or RNA from an infectious agent) or the whole transcrip-tome to view changes in mRNA levels corresponding to the desired phenotype [11a] [Pg.69]

Recombinant gene Reporter gene Using a genetically engineered cell [11b] [Pg.69]

Protein/metabolite Flow Direct measurement of whole-cell [11c] [Pg.69]

Changes in secondary Fluorescent Measure changes in ion concentra- [lie] [Pg.69]

) ELISA messengers, pH, oxygen consumption, and other messengers or molecules that correspond to the phenotype to be measured [Pg.69]

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