Function of operation pressure

Figure 9 shows the product yields as a function of operational pressure in the carbonylation of methyl acetate. The yield of acetic anhydride increased monotonically with increasing pressure, while that of methane was almost unchanged. The yield of acetic acid increased up to 30 atm and then decreased above that pressure. Acetic anhydride was formed with a yield of 15% and a selectivity of 83% at 45 atm, indicating that high operational pressure was favorable for the selective formation of acetic anhydride on the Mo/A.C. catalyst. 

Figure 78. Performance for a four-bed quench converter as a function of operating pressure with space velocity (per hour) as parameter 10% inerts in the inlet synthesis gas...

The yield and suspended solids percentages as a function of operating pressure were computed For ndiabelic vacuum operation as shown in Table 11.3-2. 

The BPR is the difference between the boiling temperature of the caustic solution and the boiling (or condensing) temperature of pure water at the same pressure. It is a strong function of concentration and a weak function of operating pressure... 

Figure 33.14 System efficiency as a function of operating pressure for different stack pressure drops (DPs) in a 25 MW SOFC/CT system.

Figure 5.10 shows the distribution function of the wall temperature for the first operational phase. Part of this operational phase is the distribution function of operational pressure which is also represented in Figure 5.10. The expected value of a random variable within a Weibull density distribution is indicated with a tolerable degree of accuracy by parameter b, as long as parameter y 1. Parameter b corresponds to a cumulative frequency of approximately 36.8%.

FIGURE 9-39. Radiator and condenser heat load as a function of operating pressure and temperature of a SO-kW net system operating at 32.5% system efficiency (24). 

NOTE Under normal boiler operating conditions, the pH required to ensure relative waterside stability (operational stability pH) for copper and copper alloys is typically 8.8 to 9.2, and for steel alloys it is 9.2 to 11.0. However, for any specific system the precise operational stability pH range is a function of boiler pressure, temperature, and system metallurgy. 

Figure 4a. Effecl of operating pressure and average pore size on membrane surface on solute separation and product rate for the reverse osmosis system cellulose acetate membrane-sodium chloride-water calculated on the basis of data on potential functions given in Figure 3...

Gas properties are functions of temperature, pressure, and total moles as dictated by the ideal gas law. The assumption of ideal gas behavior will be accurate as long as the operating temperatures of the reactor are much higher than the critical temperatures of the component species and the pressures are relatively low and is in general valid for most gaseous reaction systems. 

FIG. 14-127 Prediction of venturi-scrubber cut diameter for hydrophobic particles as functions of operating parameters as measured by Calvert [Calvert, Goldshmid, Leith, and Mehta, NTIS Puhl PB-213016, 213017, 1972 and Calvert, J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 24, 929 (1974).] uG is the superficial throat velocity, and AP is the pressure drop from converging to diverging section. To convert meters per second to feet per second, multiply by 3.281 to convert liters per cubic meter to cubic feet per cubic foot, multiply by 10-3 and to convert centimeters to inches, multiply by 0.394. 

Response time can be easily explained with a hot water analogy When you turn on the hot water in your shower, water immediately comes out of the shower fixture, but there is a time lag before hot water arrives. This lag time is simply a function of water pressure, the amount you have the valve open, the pipe diameter, and the distance between the hot water tank and the shower. It is important to keep in mind this delay factor, or response time, when operating a helium leak detector. 

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