Fullerenes phosphorescence

Zeng Y, Biczok L and Linschitz H 1992 External heavy atom induced phosphorescence emission of fullerenes the energy of triplet Cgg J. Phys. Chem. 96 5237-9... 

Quantum Yield Efficiency of fluorescence percentage of incident energy emitted after absorption. The higher the quantum yield, the greater the intensity of the fluorescence, luminescence, or phosphorescence. See Papp, S. and Vanderkooi, J.M., Tryptophan phosphorescence at room temperature as a tool to study protein structure and dynamics, Photochem. Photobiol. 49, 775-784, 1989 Plasek, J. and Sigler, K Slow fluorescent indicators of membrane potential a survey of different approaches to probe response analysis, J. Photochem. Photobiol. 33, 101-124, 1996 Vladimirov, Y.A., Free radicals in primary photobiological processes, Membr. Cell Biol. 12, 645-663, 1998 Maeda, M., New label enzymes for bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 30, 1725-1734, 2003 Imahori, H., Porphyrin-fullerene linked systems as artificial photosynthetic mimics, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2, 1425-1433, 2004 Katerinopoulos, H.E., The coumarin moiety as chromophore of fluorescent ion indicators in biological systems, Curr. Pharm. Des. 10, 3835-3852, 2004. 

Introduction of multiaddends to Qo changes fluorescence properties to a great extent. Schick et al. reported that the hexa-adduct of 60 (r ,-symmetry) shows a fluorescence peak at 550 nm, with high fluorescence quantum yield (0.024), which is 75 times larger than pristine Qq [32]. They also reported that the hexa-adduct shows apparent phosphorescence. These findings indicate that the optical devices are possible by using fullerene compounds with many addends. 

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