Fullerene substituted

Armspach D, Constable E C, Diederich F, Housecraft C E and Nierengarten J-F 1996 Bucky-ligands fullerene-substituted oligopyridines for metallosupramolecular chemistry J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2009-10... 

A related preparation of specific stabilized phosphonium yUdes corresponds to the reaction of triarylphosphines with acetylene dicarboxylic esters in presence of fullerene, which affords a cyclopropanyl-fullerene substituted stabilized phosphonium ylide [9] or the corresponding evolution products [10]. 

Yang J, Wang K, Driver J, Yang J, Barron AR (2007b) The use of fullerene substituted phenylalanine amino acid as a passport for peptides through cell membranes. Org. Biomol. Chem. 

Compared with the variety of existing carbon or nitrogen nucleophiles that were subjected to nucleophilic addition to there are few examples for phosphorus nucleophiles. Neutral trialkylphosphines turn out to be to less reactive for an effective addihon to Cjq even at elevated temperatures [114], Trialkylphosphine oxides show an increased reactivity. They form stable fullerene-substituted phosphine oxides [115] it is not yet clear if the reaction proceeds via a nucleophilic mechanism or a cycloaddition mechanism. Phosphine oxide addition takes place in refluxing toluene [115], At room temperature the charge-transfer complexes of with phosphine oxides such as tri-n-octylphosphine oxide or tri-n-butylphosphine oxide are verifiable and stable in soluhon [116],... 

Fullerene-substituted tetrahydroquinazoline derivatives have also been prepared by reaction of pyrimidine and pyrimidinone r>/7/ r>-quinodimethanes with <1997TL2557, 1997TL4873, 1998JOC6807, 1998T11141,... 

One of the aspects that has been of interest is the incorporation of an external atom in the spheroidal cavity. A variety of metal atoms can, in principle, be trapped in this cavity. Some of the studies have claimed that it is possible to push atoms such as lanthanum, iron and helium inside the spheroidal cavity of CgQ and other fullerenes. Substitution of the carbon in CgQ by boron and nitrogen has been attempted. Interestingly, nitrogen not only substitutes for carbon in the cage but also adds on to Cgo and C-iq. 

Various kinds of polymeric fullerenes can be prepared by using functional polymers to react with fullerenes, or by synthesizing polymers in the presence of fullerenes. From a structural point of view, these polymer are divided into four main categories (1) polymers with fullerenes physically incorporated into the foreign polymeric network without forming covalent bonds, (2) fullerene homopolymers formed via [2 + 2] cycloaddition, (3) pearl necklace polymers with fullerenes mutually linked covalently to form polymer chains, and (4) charm bracelet polymers containing pendant fullerene substitutes. All these polymers have been critically reviewed by Winkler et al. [163],... 

Silyl ketene acetal adds photolytically to C50 give a-fullerene-substituted carboxylic esters and are used in L-quebrachitol and statine synthesis They induce the first highly asymmetric Pummerer-type reaction of acyclic sulphoxides, giving siloxy(arylthio)alkanes with >99% ee541. 

Tokuyama, H., Isobe, H., and Nakamura, E., Photoaddition of silyl ketene acetal to [60]fullerene. Synthesis of a-fullerene-substituted carboxylic esters,/. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 2753,1994. 

A second doping method is the substitution of an impurity atom with a different valence state for a carbon atom on the surface of a fullerene molecule. Because of the small carbon-carbon distance in fullerenes (1.44A), the only species that can be expected to substitute for a carbon atom in the cage is boron. There has also been some discussion of the possibility of nitrogen doping, which might be facilitated by the curvature of the fullerene shell. However, substitutional doping has not been widely used in practice [21]. 

Exohedral functionalization of [60]-fullerene by [4+2] cycloadditions. Diels-Alder reactions of [60]-fullerene with electron-rich 2,3-dioxy-substituted-1,3-butadienes [81]... 

All the fullerene-containing dendrimers reported to date have been prepared with a Cgo core but never with fullerene units at their surface or with Cgg spheres in the dendritic branches. We have recently started a research program on the synthesis of dendrons substituted with fullerene moieties. These fulleroden-drons are interesting building blocks for the preparation of monodisperse fullerene-rich macromolecules. In addition, they are also amphiphilic compounds capable of forming stable Langmuir films at the air-water interface. 

Fullerene derivative 34 substituted with two long alkyl chains (solubilizing groups) and a carboxylic function was used as peripheral subunit for the constructions of the dendrons (Fig. 14). 

---