Fruit, definition structure

Consistent with the definition of terms adopted for the discussion in this series of papers of integral phases of the residue studies being conducted by the Division of Entomology, University of California Citrus Experiment Station (2, 13-15), the following distinctions are noted Residues may be specified as pretreatment, posttreatment, harvest, or ultimate. The latter refers to the residue on or in foodstuffs, whether fresh or processed, at the time of consumption (2, 13). The location of residues with reference to fruit parts may be extra-surface (external to the cuticle) or subsurface. Subsurface residues may be differentiated with reference to actual location as cuticular residues or specified intracarp residues. Residues in the cuticular layers or in any of the cellular structures or matrices are herein indicated as subsurface (penetrated) residues (2, 13). 

Domains have proved so fruitful in explaining both the structure and the function of proteins that the concept is certain to survive in one form or another. At some time in the near future it will presumably acquire full scientific respectability with a verifiable definition in terms of either folding units or genetic units or perhaps both. 

The x-ray approach has few peers as regards nondestructive definition of structure at the secondary level. Although microscopy is more direct, the preparative problems and necessary subjectiveness in the interpretation of photo- and electron micrographs make absolutely necessary the joint use of the two techniques. The work of Preston and his school on the structural polysaccharides of plants is a good example of how the two techniques should be combined. A rough textural model of the molecular architecture of a cell wall of a plant is capable of quantitative and detailed definition by means of the complete, wide and small angle, x-ray scattering curve. This application is, perhaps, one of the potentially more fruitful, areas of future study it is part of the major, solid-state... 

The careers of chemists and chemical laboratory technicians consist of the study of the composition, structure, properties, and changes of material substances. The fruits of their labor are many. The following items are just a few that have resulted from chemists and laboratory technicians studying chemistry batteries, plastics and clothing fibers, pharmaceuticals and medicines, pesticides and herbicides, clean water and air, fertilizers, soaps and shampoos, and perfumes and deodorants. How do we begin a study of chemistry We begin by understanding what is meant by each item in the definition. 

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