Frost diagrams hydrogen

There are two main methods of summarizing the thermodynamic stabilities of the oxidation states of elements in aqueous solution, known after their inventors. Latimer and Frost diagrams are usually restricted to the two extremes of standard hydrogen ion (pH = 0) or hydroxide ion (pH = 14) solutions. 

FIGURE 8-4 Frost Diagrams for Hydrogen, (a) Acidic solution, (b) Basic solution. 

Use the standard voltages in the Latimer diagrams for hydrogen in acidic and basic solutions to construct Frost diagrams. 

The Latimer diagram for hydrogen in acidic solution is in Section 8.1.4. The substance with the element in the zero oxidation state (H2) is the reference point (0,0) in the Frost diagram. Two other points need to be derived. The oxidation state change for each reduction of adjacent species in the Latimer diagram is —1. 

Figure 5.1 Modified Frost diagrams for (a) hydrogen, (b) oxygen and (c) carbon, illustrating different pathways for oxygen production from water oxidation, hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction, at pH 7 versus a Normal Hydrogen Electrode (NHE) reference.

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