Radial frequency

We report on the influence of a short-wave laser radiation on the properties of SWCNTs. This effect is confirmed by considerable increase of the intensities of 2vq and 2vd harmonics and of low-frequency radial mode Vr in their Raman spectra under increase of the energy of exciting photons. While the G-band intensity remains almost the same, the intensity of the 2vd band increases 1.7 times under excitation with 476.5 nm in comparison with 514.5 nm. Excitation with the 476.5 nm laser beam also leads to increase of the side bands in the fine structure of the Vd mode as well as Vd+Vg and Vg+Vrbm harmonics. We demonstrate that... 

Noise Control Sound is a fluctuation of air pressure that can be detected by the human ear. Sound travels through any fluid (e.g., the air) as a compression/expansion wave. This wave travels radially outward in all directions from the sound source. The pressure wave induces an oscillating motion in the transmitting medium that is superimposed on any other net motion it may have. These waves are reflec ted, refracted, scattered, and absorbed as they encounter solid objects. Sound is transmitted through sohds in a complex array of types of elastic waves. Sound is charac terized by its amplitude, frequency, phase, and direction of propagation. 

There is a potential for unstable flow through pumps, which is created by both the design-flow pattern and the radial deflection caused by back-pressure in the discharge piping. Pumps tend to operate at their second-mode shape or deflection pattern. This mode of operation generates a unique vibration frequency at the second harmonic (2x) of running speed. In extreme cases, the shaft may be deflected further and operate in its third (3x) mode shape. Therefore, both of these frequencies should be monitored. 

In most cases, this failure mode also excites the third (3x) harmonic frequency and creates strong axial vibration. Depending on the severity of the instability and the design of the machine, process instability also can create a variety of shaft-mode shapes. In turn, this excites the lx, 2x, and 3x radial vibration components. 

Uhlig, Tierney and McClelland S measured fretting damage by mass loss of recessed 25-4 mm diameter steel cylinders subjected to radial oscillating motion. The specimens were loaded pneumatically, frequency was varied. 

The index n is the radial degree and the index m is the azimuthal frequency. The function R r) is a radial function given by... 

Before discussing the Fourier transform, we will first look in some more detail at the time and frequency domain. As we will see later on, a FT consists of the decomposition of a signal in a series of sines and cosines. We consider first a signal which varies with time according to a sum of two sine functions (Fig. 40.3). Each sine function is characterized by its amplitude A and its period T, which corresponds to the time required to run through one cycle (2ti radials) of the sine function. In this example the frequencies are 1 and 3 Hz. The frequency of a sine function can be expressed in two ways the radial frequency to (radians per second), which is... 

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