Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Free energy of polymer solutions

Fig. 8.5 Illustration of the route to calculate the mixing free energy of polymer solutions... Fig. 8.5 Illustration of the route to calculate the mixing free energy of polymer solutions...
S. Lifson and A. Katchalsky, The electrostatic free energy of polyelectrolyte solutions, II. Fully stretched macromolecules, J. Polymer Sci. 8 (1954), p. 43. [Pg.58]

Flow imparts both extension and rotation to fluid elements. Thus, polymer molecules will be oriented and stretched under these circumstances and this may result in flow-induced phenomena observed in polymer systems which include phase-changes, crystallization, gelation or fiber formation. More generally, the Gibbs free energy of polymer blends or solutions depends under non-equilibrium conditions not only on temperature, pressure and concentration but also on the conformation of the macromolecules (as an internal variable) and hence, it is sensitive to external forces. [Pg.72]

Deetz (115) describes several experimental methods to overcome the well known stability problems with ILMs for selective transport of gases. He introduces methods to prepare ultra-thin (.1 to 2 pm) stable, aqueous, Immobilized liquid membranes. The problem of volatilization of the liquid membrane can be reduced or eliminated by Immobilizing the liquid phase in pores small enough to significantly reduce the molar free energy of the solution via the Kelvin effect. Ultra-thin ILMs can be produced by selective immobilization of the liquid membrane in the skin layer of a mlcroporous asymmetric polymer support. [Pg.22]

Katchalsky A, Lifson S, Mazur J (1953) The electrostatic free energy of polyelectrolyte solutions I. Randomly kinked macromolecules. J Polym Sci 11 409 423... [Pg.134]

In a thermodynamic sense, the compatibility of polymers is similar to the dissolving solute in a solvent. The thermodynamic standard of solubility is the free energy of mixing Ga. If AGm < 0, then two components are soluble to each other. According to the definition ... [Pg.138]

The qualitative thermodynamic explanation of the shielding effect produced by the bound neutral water-soluble polymers was summarized by Andrade et al. [2] who studied the interaction of blood with polyethylene oxide (PEO) attached to the surfaces of solids. According to their concept, one possible component of the passivity may be the low interfacial free energy (ysl) of water-soluble polymers and their gels. As estimated by Matsunaga and Ikada [3], it is 3.7 and 3.1 mJ/m2 for cellulose and polyvinylalcohol whereas 52.6 and 41.9 mJ/m2 for polyethylene and Nylon 11, respectively. Ikada et al. [4] also found that adsorption of serum albumin increases dramatically with the increase of interfacial free energy of the polymer contacting the protein solution. [Pg.137]

Monomeric actin binds ATP very tightly with an association constant Ka of 1 O M in low ionic strength buffers in the presence of Ca ions. A polymerization cycle involves addition of the ATP-monomer to the polymer end, hydrolysis of ATP on the incorporated subunit, liberation of Pi in solution, and dissociation of the ADP-monomer. Exchange of ATP for bound ADP occurs on the monomer only, and precedes its involvement in another polymerization cycle. Therefore, monomer-polymer exchange reactions are linked to the expenditure of energy exactly one mol of ATP per mol of actin is incorporated into actin filaments. As a result, up to 40% of the ATP consumed in motile cells is used to maintain the dynamic state of actin. Thus, it is important to understand how the free energy of nucleotide hydrolysis is utilized in cytoskeleton assembly. [Pg.45]

The symbol Xs stands for the interaction energy per solvent molecule divided by kT. Combining equations (5.7) and (5.8) gives the Flory-Huggins equation for the free energy of mixing of a polymer solution ... [Pg.71]


See other pages where Free energy of polymer solutions is mentioned: [Pg.76]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.79]    [Pg.81]    [Pg.767]    [Pg.78]    [Pg.76]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.79]    [Pg.81]    [Pg.767]    [Pg.78]    [Pg.173]    [Pg.67]    [Pg.161]    [Pg.50]    [Pg.140]    [Pg.730]    [Pg.167]    [Pg.512]    [Pg.730]    [Pg.234]    [Pg.54]    [Pg.80]    [Pg.202]    [Pg.369]    [Pg.201]    [Pg.115]    [Pg.132]    [Pg.74]    [Pg.95]    [Pg.130]    [Pg.60]    [Pg.164]    [Pg.322]    [Pg.416]    [Pg.352]    [Pg.207]    [Pg.209]    [Pg.65]    [Pg.947]    [Pg.507]    [Pg.511]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.223 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.192 ]




SEARCH



Energy of solution

Free polymer

Free solution

Polymer energy

Polymers free energy

Solute free energy

Solution free energy

Solution, energy

Solutions of polymers

© 2024 chempedia.info