FOX-7 DADNE

FOX-7 (DADNE). FOX-7 also known as DADNE [(1,1 -diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene) (C2H4N4O4)] (2.23) is a nitramine explosive and an energetic ingredient of solid propellant. It was first synthesized in 1998 by the FOI Defence Research Establishment in Sweden an explosive which they claim exhibits both high performance and low sensitivity. 

Compared to RDX, the sensitivity of FOX-7 is lower than that of RDX, but its energy level is close to that of RDX. Therefore FOX-7 shows promise as an RDX replacement in explosives ordnance designed to comply with IM standards. Some of its properties are presented in Table 2.25. 

LLM-105. LLM-105 [(2,6-diaraino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-l-oxide (C4H4N6O5)] (2.24) shows performance and insensitivity between those of HMX and TATB. 

Its calculated energy content is 85% that of HMX and 15% more than that of TATB. It is thermally stable, insensitive to shock, spark and friction and has impact insensitivity level approaching that of TATB. These combined properties make it a realistic high performance IHE material attractive for applications that require moderate performance and insensitivity. The synthesis of LLM-105 through the oxidation of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine with trifluoroaceticperacid at room temperature was first reported in 1995 at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratories. Some of its properties are presented in Table 2.26. 

There are many other ingredients that are added to explosive compositions which in themselves are not explosive but can enhance the power of explosives, reduce the sensitivity, and aid processing. Aluminium powder is frequently added to explosive and propellant compositions to improve their efficiency. 

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FOX-7 FOX-7 or l,l-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene, (DADE/DADNE) [Structure (2.57)] is manufactured on a pilot-plant scale in Sweden by the nitration of 2-methyl-4,6-pyrimidinedione with mixed acids followed by aqueous hydrolysis. The outline of the method is as follows (Scheme 2.12) where the yield is around 80%. 

In the last several decades, the major advances in energetic materials have been the development of energetic polymers and a number of mono-molecular energetic compounds which do not fit neatly into the above categories [64]. These are in various stages of development, and it is difficult to predict which will become useful explosives or propellants. One unusual mixed functionality species is 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7 or DADNE) (Fig. 11). It was synthesized in 1998, and several... 

The chemist N. Latypov of the Swedish defense agency FOI developed and synthesized two other new energetic materials. These two compounds have become known as FOX-7 and FOX-12 (Fig. 1.9, a). FOX-7 or DADNE (diamino dinitro ethene) is the covalent molecule l,l-diamino-2,2-dinitro ethene (02N)2C=C(NH2)2. The synthesis of FOX-7 always includes several reaction steps. Two alternative ways to prepare FOX-7 are shown in Figure 1.9 (b). FOX-12 or GUDN (guanylurea dinitramide) is the dinitramide of guanylurea [H2N—C(=NH2)—NH—C(O)—NH2]+[N(N02)2]. ... 

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