Fourth-generation biofuels

Fourth generation biofuels Vegetable oil, biodiesel Biogasoline... 

Other approaches, already announced as fourth-generation biofuels, are the conversion of spent vegetable oil to gasoline " or the use of (modified) micro-organisms to produce suitable feedstocks from C02." ... 

Lll, J., Sheahan, C., Fu, P. Metabohc engineering of algae for fourth generation biofuels production. Energy and Environmental Science 4 (2011) 2451—2466. 

The fourth-generation biofuels are produced by technologies that are able to successfully convert optimized biomass feedstock. The key characteristic of those fuels is the capture and sequestration of CO2, since a higher amount of CO2 is consumed in their generation than that produced during their use (Baskar et al., 2012). 

In this chapter, we have provided an overview of the development of detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms. We have addressed recent experimental and computational work of interest in developing detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms for first- and second-generation biofuels. We have also provided an overview of third- and fourth-generation biofuels and current challenges facing the combustion chemistry community. 

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