Four-Stage Oxide-Bond-Forming Kinetics

1 Four-Stage Oxide-Bond-Forming Kinetics 

Combining the LEED, STM, PES/STS, EELS/Raman, and TDS spectral signatures in terms of the chemical bond, surface morphology, valence DOS, low-frequency vibration, and bond strength makes it possible to clarify the chemisorption 3B dynamics. As an additional example, one may look at the particular O-Pd(llO) surface based on the kinetic TDS and UPS profiles (please refer to Fig. 5.1 for the profiles and Sect. 3.3 for structural details) obtained during the increase in oxygen exposure  

Stage 1 (0 1.5 L) dominates giving a PdfO cluster with one ionic bond 

Stage 2 (1.5 0 2.5 L) ip-orbital hybridization occurs and completes, giving rise to a tetrahedron with two ionic bonds and two non-bonding lone pairs. The lone-pair feature Pi emerges upon the ip-orbit of the being hybridized. The lone-pair feature Pi becomes apparent at 2.5 L. The bond 

Relaxation of the Chemical Bond, Springer Series in Chemical Physics 108, DOI 10.1007/978-981-4585-21-7 7, Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2014 

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The reversible four-stage 3B dynamics shall provide a possible mechanism for the kinetics and dynamics of oxide-bond switching. As oxidation takes place in four discrete stages in which 0 forms first and then 0 follows with rp-orbital hybridization and lone-pair production, or inversely like that happened to the Ag(OOl) surface. Annealing the O-Cu(OOl) surface at a duU red temperature could remove the lone-pair DOS features from the Zo(E) profile, which means that the hybridized i -orbits of the 0 has de-hybridized [12, 13]. Hence, annealing at a certain temperature provides forces that reverse the reaction by oxide-bond breaking and reforming. 

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