Fossil fuel, reforming

P Fossil fuel reforming (LNG, coal, ) P By-product hydrogen (steelworks, ) P Water electrolysis... 

Unlike conventional fossil-fueled reformer tubes, the helium-heated reforming plant connected to an HTGR has to meet the much more stringent requirements of a nuclear component in terms of construction, quality assurance, and scheduled re-testing. The reforming tube placed in the primary circuit has the function of forming a radioactivity barrier between the primary helium and the process gas. Another major difference is the marmer of heat input, which is convective transport with the helium in the nuclear version. 

The PAFC is, however, suitable for stationary power generation, but faces several direct fuel cell competitors. One is the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), which operates at "650°C and uses an electrolyte made from molten potassium and lithium carbonate salts. Fligh-teinperature operation is ideal for stationary applications because the waste heat can enable co-generation it also allows fossil fuels to be reformed directly within the cells, and this reduces system size and complexity. Systems providing up to 2 MW have been demonstrated. 

Hydrogen occurs naturally in the form of chemical compounds, most frequently in water and hydrocarbons. Hydrogen can be produced from fossil fuels, nuclear and renewable energy sources by a number of processes, such as natural gas reforming,... 

Emissions from catalytic reforming (Figure 4.14) include fugitive emissions of volatile constituents in the feed and emissions from process heaters and boilers. As with all process heaters in the refinery, combustion of fossil fuels produces emissions of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and volatile hydrocarbons. 

Hydrogen production from fossil fuels is based on steam reforming of natural gas, thermal cracking of natmal gas, partial oxidation of heavier than naphtha... 

Steam reformation Gasification of coal Other fossil fuel sources... 

CSIRO Energy Transformed Flagship activities include o Solar assisted steam reforming of natural gas, coal seam methane o Hydrogen generation from fossil fuel sources and renewable sources, including work on electrolysis ... 

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