Formulation of the new Heat Theorem

Formulation of the New Heat Theorem.-—Equation (1) as applied to the expansion of a condensed substance by the volume dv being 

Discussions, which have appeared from time to time in the literature as to which of these quantities should converge towards zero at low temperatures, have therefore been founded on a misconception. 

---

Formulation of the new Heat Theorem.—We begin with the equation on the basis of which may be derived all the applications of the Second Law hitherto made (cf. p. 3),... 

From the first proposition may be deduced every consequence which the Law of the Conservation of Energy entails. From the second proposition we can deduce the correctness of the fundamental equation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, if we introduce the concept of temperature. From the third proposition we can derive the mathematical formulation of the new Heat Theorem, if we make use of the observation that specific heats become negligibly small at very low temperatures. 

The phenomena of gravitation have hitherto formed an exception to the applicability of the Second Law but even in this case there are, as we shall see in Chapter XV, possibilities which may be clearly formulated with the aid of the new Heat Theorem. 

Finally, it will be shown (Section 11.8) that the basic observation (5.77a) is already a consequence of inductive laws that were previously incorporated in the Gibbsian formalism. Thus, even the Nemst heat theorem and Fowler-Guggenheim unattainability statement (although meaningful and valid) are essentially superfluous, bringing no new content to the thermodynamic formalism. We therefore conclude that all formulations of the third law fail one or more of the above criteria, and thus play no useful thermodynamic role as addenda to the Gibbsian formalism. 

FORMULATION OF NEW HEAT THEOREM 79 The First Law shows us, according to Kirehhoff, ... 

---