Formulating the equilibrium

Thermoifynamics of the adsorption equilibrium in HilTs model 1.4.4.1. Formulating the equilibrium 

S being the differential molar entropy of component 1, and the differential molar volume of component 1, we know that  

Let us suppose that dn2 = 0, which would imply that the quantity tl2 of adsorbent is a constant. This assumption works all the better for the fact that the value of iij is very much lower than that of ri2. 

Soand Vg representing the molar entropy and the molar volume of the gas. 

At equilibrium, neeessarily, d pi = d po, hence the following equilibrium equation  

---

Ionic crystals are compounds by necessity. Let us regard a binary compound (A[ X) and derive the electronic conductivity (transference) as a function of its component activity. From Eqn. (4.84) and the necessarily prevailing ionic defects, we can conclude that the ionic conductivity is independent of the component activities which, however, does not mean that the total conductivity is also constant. Let us first formulate the equilibrium between crystal A, X and component X2... 

Using these notations, let us formulate the equilibrium conditions ... 

Consider Equation (6) - that is, the definition of AG. On this basis, one may formulate the equilibrium potential of an electrochemical cell in the following way ... 

When the stoichiometry of binding exceeds the simplest 1 1 case (e.g., hapten-antibody, which is usually 2 1), we can formulate the equilibrium for the hapten with the divalent (uniform) receptor with invariant identical affinities... 

Formulate the equilibrium expression for the ionization of a weak acid or base, and use it to determine the pH and fraction ionized (Section 15.4, Problems 27-36). 

Having formulated the equilibrium relationship, the two other commonly used relations must be considered ... 

When the reactants and products in a chemical reaction are gases, we can formulate the equilibrium-constant expression in terms of partial pressures. When partial pressures in atmospheres are used in the expression, we denote the equilibrium constant Kp (where the subscript p stands for pressure). For the general reaction in Equation 15.7, we have... 

For the given emulsion formulation, the equilibrium interfacial tension yoo between the continuous and disperse phases was 8 x 10 N/m and the contact angle 6 between the disperse phase and the membrane surface was assumed to be 0. Therefore, from Equation (16.20), one obtains Pcap = 6.7 kPa for = 4.8 x 10 m, which corresponds to 7 kPa deduced from Figure 16.16. 

The second procedure is to employ a thermodynamic formulation. The equilibrium constant can be expressed as where A G, known as the Gibbs en-... 

In order to understand the properties of acetic acid it is necessary to formulate the equilibrium expression for this steady state by use of this equilibrium expression the properties of acetic acid solutions of different concentrations can be predicted. 

---