Line-angle formula

In these line-angle formulas it is understood that there is a carbon atom at each vertex of the hexagon hydrogen atoms are not shown. This model is consistent with many of the properties of benzene. The molecule is a planar hexagon with bond angles of 120°. The hybridization of each carbon is sp2. However, this structure is misleading in one respect Chemically, benzene does not behave as if double bonds were present... 

Q Draw and interpret Lewis, condensed, and line-angle structural formulas. Calculate formal charges. 

A complete structural formula (such as a Lewis structure) shows all the atoms and bonds in the molecule. A condensed structural formula shows each central atom along with the atoms bonded to it. A line-angle formula (sometimes called a skeletal structure or stick figure)... 

Draw a line-angle formula for each compound in Problem 1-26. 

The cycloalkanes are a special class of alkanes in the form of a ring. Figure 2-30 shows the Lewis structures and line-angle formulas of cyclopentane and cyclohexane, the cycloalkanes containing five and six carbons, respectively. 

Convert each Newman projection to the equivalent line-angle formula, and assign the IUPAC name. 

Do not use condensed or line-angle formulas for reaction sites. Draw all the bonds and all the substituents of each carbon atom affected throughout the mechanism. Three-bonded carbon atoms in intermediates are most likely to be radicals in the free-radical reactions we have studied. If you draw condensed formulas or line-angle formulas, you will likely misplace a hydrogen atom and show a reactive species on the wrong carbon. 

Draw all bonds and all substituents of each carbon atom affected throughout the mechanism. Do not use condensed or line-angle formulas for reaction sites. 

Q Draw and interpret the types of structural formulas commonly used in organic chemistry, including condensed structural formulas and line-angle formulas. 

I In a line-angle formula, a carbon I atom is implied at the end of every j line and at every apex, unless another atom is specified. 

Give Lewis structures corresponding to the following line-angle structures. Give the molecular formula for each stmcture. 

In solving problems of this type, you should devise a strategy and then follow it. Here is one such strategy First, draw a line-angle formula for the constitutional isomer with all six carbons in an unbranched chain. Then, draw line-angle formulas for all constitutional isomers with five carbons in a chain and one carbon as a branch on the chain. Finally, draw line-angle formulas for all constitutional isomers with four carbons in a chain and two carbons as branches. 

Draw the line-angle formula of propane and choose a bond along which to view for the Newman projection. Keep track of the carbons in the line-angle formula and in the Newman projection (numbering them helps). Draw the staggered and eclipsed Newman projections and complete them by adding in the carbons and hydrogens. 

Name and draw line-angle formulas for the nine constitutional isomers with the molecular formula CyHig. (See Example 3.2)... 

Write line-angle formulas for these alkanes (See Examples 3.3, 3.5)... 

As an example of how to name an alkene, consider the following alkene, drawn here as a line-angle formula. 

This molecule has two carbon-carbon double bonds, each of which exhibits cis-trans isomerism. As the following table shows, 2 = 4 cis-trans isomers are possible (below the table are line-angle formulas for two of these isomers) ... 

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