Formic esterification with

A-7. Draw the structure of the tetrahedral intermediate in the esterification of formic acid with 1-butanol. 

This product comes from the esterification reaction of formic acid with methanol according to the following reaction ... 

The Ugi reaction is the synthesis of an a-amino acid amide by reaction of an aldehyde with an amine and an isonitrile in the presence of zinc chloride and formic acid. )3-D-Galactosylamine has been proposed as a chiral amine partner whose alcohol functions are protected by esterification with pivalate groups (reaction 8.7) (Kunz and Pfrengle 1988). The reaction is carried out in oxolane between -75 and -25°C. The diastereomeric mixture obtained corresponds to a d/l ratio close to 95 5. The pure D-isomer is obtained by recrystallization in heptane. It is known that the bond between a sugar molecule and nitrogen is easy to cleave in glycosylamines (see Section 3.6.2). 

Reaction with formic acid in acetic anhydride. Esterification with diazomethane Methyl esters of N-formylamino acids 26... 

Formic acid forms esters with primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. The high acidity of formic acid makes use of the usual mineral acid catalysts unnecessary in simple esterifications (17). Formic acid reacts with most amines to form formylamino compounds. With certain diamines imida2ole formation occurs, a reaction that has synthetic utiHty (18) ... 

Reaction of 1-pentanol with propionic acid provides 1-pentyl propionate [624-54-4] a new coatings solvent for automotive refinish and OEM paints, apphances, and for higher-solids systems (37). The esterification of 1-pentanol with formic acid to 1-pentyl formate [638-49-3] is conducted by concomitant removal of by-product water by a2eotropic distillation with diethyl ether (38). 

Consider the esterification of ethyl alcohol with formic acid to give ethyl formate (and water) in a mixed alcohol-water solvent, such that the alcohol and water are present in large excess. Assume that this is pseudo-first-order in both esterification (forward) and hydrolysis (reverse) directions ... 

Fripiat et al. studied the oxidation of propylene dissolved in benzene at 150°C under a total pressure of 45 atm [20]. On Mo-X, 70% epoxide selectivity is obtained at propylene conversions of 7.5%. Side products are formed by further oxidation of the epoxide, by C-C cleavage in the olefin with formation of methanol, formic and acetic acid, and by fast esterification of the epoxide with these acids. 

The gas-phase esterification reaction has not been observed with formic acid. The reason for this behaviour has been explained on the basis of the proton affinities of the acid and alcohols as indicated in (73) and (74). Thus,... 

The methyl ester has also been obtained by esterification of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid.8 The acid, in turn, has been prepared by the Favorskii rearrangement,6 7 9-11 by the reaction of cyclopentyl Grignard reagent with carbon dioxide,12 by the carbonylation of cyclopentyl alcohol with nickel carbonyl13 or with formic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid,14 and by the hydrogenation of cyclopentene-1-carboxylic acid prepared from ethyl cyclopentanone-2-carboxylate 15 or from cyclopentanone cyanohydrin.16... 

Carbonyl)chlorohydridotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) was used as a catalyst in the transfer hydrogenation of benzaldehyde with formic acid as a hydrogen source. Under these conditions, the reduction ofbenzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol is accompanied by esterification of the alcohol with the excess of formic acid to provide benzyl formate (Scheme 4.16). In this microwave-assisted reaction, the catalyst displayed improved turnover rates compared to the thermal reaction (280 vs. 6700 turnovers/h), thus leading to shorter reaction times36. 

---